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Kōrero: Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi – ngā mātāpono o te Tiriti o Waitangi

Whārangi 1: He aha ngā mātāpono o te tiriti?

He mea haina te tiriti e te Māori me te Karauna o Peretania i te tau 1840. Ehara tonu te Tiriti o Waitangi i te ture. Engari mai noa i te tau 1975 ka whakaurua ōna mātāpono ki ngā ture maha. Ko te ture tuatahi ki te whakauru i ngā mātāpono o te tiriti ko te Ture Tiriti o Waitangi i te tau 1975 i hua ake ai te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi (Taraipiunara). I runga i tēnei ture ka āhei te Māori ki te hora kerēme ki te taraipiunara mō ngā kaupapa me ngā mahi (me ētahi āhuatanga atu) a te Karauna kāore i te hāngai ki ngā mātāpono o te Tiriti.

Mai i te tau 1975 he maha noa atu ngā ture ka whaiwhai i ngā mātāpono o te tiriti, ka mutu he whakamātautanga i te whai mārama o te Tiriti o Waitangi i ēnei rā. E whakauru ana ngā mātāpono o te tiriti ki:

  • ngā whakawā kōti
  • ngā ture hou
  • ngā kitenga taraipiunara
  • tētahi tauākī kāwanatanga i te tau 1989.

Rārangi mutunga kore

He mutunga kore ngā mātāpono tiriti, ka mutu kei roto i ngā kupu whānui ngā mātāpono e whakamāramatia ana. Engari kāore e whakaurua ngā tuhinga tonu o te tiriti, nā runga i te rerekē o te whakamārama Ingarihi, Māori hoki, me te ara ake o ētahi taupatupatu. I te tau 1983 ka whakatau te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi, ‘He nui kē ake te wairua o te tiriti tēnā i ngā kupu o roto i ōna upoko, nā reira, kaua e matawhāiti te titiro ki ngā aronga kupu, kaua hoki e matawhāiti ngā whakamārama mō aua upoko.’1

Te āta tipu o ngā mātāpono

I te tau 1987 ka kī ake a Kaiwhakawā Robin Cooke, ‘he hua tipu te tiriti kāore anō kia kōhure noa ōna aria ake … e āta tipu ana ngā mātāpono o te Tiriti o Waitangi. Ko tētahi mea kē he whāiti noa iho ōna tirohanga.’2

Nā te mea i hainatia te tiriti i te tau 1840, ka noho anō tēnei hei take kāore i whakaurua te tiriti ki ngā tuhinga ā-ture. Otirā ka pā ōna kupu ki ngā kaupapa i waenganui i te Māori me te Karauna o tērā wā. E whai panga ai te tiriti ki ngā kaupapa a te Karauna me te Māori i ēnei rā ka ngana te taraipiunara me ngā kōti ki te whakamārama i ngā huatau pū me ngā āwhero maha o te tiriti, otirā ki te whakahāngai i ngā mātāpono ki tēnā kerēme ki tēnā kerēme. Kua kōhatutia ētahi o ēnei mātāpono i ēnei wā, ko ētahi kua roa kē e tipu haere ana. He kaupapa tohetohe tonu ētahi mātāpono.

Kia tika te whakaū i te tiriti i te horopaki e hāngai ana ki te Karauna me te Māori ināianei, ka whakaarotia tonutia te Taraipiunara me ngā kōti i ngā whakaaro atawhai, takune, whāinga hoki o te tiriti, kia tohungia hoki ētahi mātāpono i ngā wā e tika ana. Ko ētahi o ēnei mātāpono kua whakaūngia kētia. 

Ka kaha kōrerotia ‘ngā P e toru’ i ngā wā kei te kōrerotia ngā mātāpono: arā, ko te mahi (partnership), te atawhai (protection), te whai wāhitanga (participation) hoki. I te haere o te wā, kua waihangahia ētahi atu mātāpono. He tautohenga te āhua o ētahi mātāpono. 

Ki mua Whai muri: Whārangi 2. Treaty principles developed by courts Whai muri
Footnotes
  1. Waitangi Tribunal, Report of the Waitangi Tribunal on the Motunui-Waitara claim. Te Whanganui-a-Tara: Department of Justice, 1983, p. 47. Back
  2. Tainui Maori Trust Board v Attorney-General. New Zealand Law Reports (1987): 527. Back

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārang

Janine Hayward, Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi – ngā mātāpono o te Tiriti o Waitangi – He aha ngā mātāpono o te tiriti?, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/nga-matapono-o-te-tiriti/page-1 (accessed 4 June 2026).

He kōrero nā Janine Hayward, i tāngia i te 6 June 2017, reviewed and revised 16 January 2023 me te āwhina o Janine Hayward.