Kōrero: Ngā mātāpono o te tiriti

Whārangi 4. Ngā mātāpono tiriti i whakawhanakehia e te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi

Ngā whakaahua me ngā rauemi katoa o tēnei kōrero

Pūrongo Ngāi Tahu

I te tau 1991 ka rangahau te taraipiunara i ngā nawe tiriti o te iwi o Te Waipounamu o Ngāi Tahu.

E takoto ana i te toi tuakiri

Ko te ingoa kārangaranga o te kēreme i whakatakotoria e Ngāi Tahu ki te aroaro o te taraipiunara ko ‘ngā rākau teitei e  iwa’. He ingoa tēnei ka puea ake i ngā kerēme matua e iwa a Ngāi Tahu ki te Karauna. E ai ki te pūrongo a Te Rōpū Whakamana ka taea tonutia te whakauru ngā mātāpono tiriti ki ērā atu ture, nātemea ‘kua tūturu ngā mātāpono ki Aotearoa nei. Otirā kei roto tonu i ngā mātāpono te toi tuakiri o Aotearoa e takoto ana.’1

I tīkina e te pūrongo (toru puka) muru whenua a Ngāi Tahu i te tau 1987 ki ngā kōrero mātāpono tiriti o te kēhi whenua 1987 hei wāhanga o ōna whakamārama. I takea mai i tēnei pūrongo ko te whakapaparanga mātāpono tiriti i puea anō ki ngā kerēme maha i ngā tau ka hori.

I roto i te pūrongo a Ngāi Tahu ka kōrero te taraipiunara mō te mātāpono pū kei roto i te tiriti, arā te ‘mātāpono o te tauhokohoko’. Kei roto noa i te mātāpono o te tauhokohoko ko te utu – ‘ko te utu mō te mana kāwanatanga ko te mana a te Māori kia pupuri tonu te tino rangatiratanga a ngā iwi ki runga ki ō rātou whenua me ō rātou taonga katoa’.2

Ka tūtohu anō te taraipiunara i ētahi atu mātāpono tiriti:

  • I te tau 1991 ka kī ake te taraipiunara, ‘Ko te utu mō te tuku a te Māori i te mana rangatiratanga ki te Karauna ko te manaakitanga a te Karauna i te tino rangatiratanga Māori.’3
  • E hāngai pū ana ngā mātāpono o te mahitahi me te pono ki te mātāpono o te tauhokohoko. He hononga te tiriti i waenganui i te Māori me te Karauna, otirā kia tika ngā mahi, ina āta whakaarotia, ā, kia pono pū tētahi taha ki tētahi. 4
  • * E ai ki te tikanga o te manaaki tōhau nui o te Karauna i te Māori, kāore e taea e te Karauna te tiaki i te Māori mena ia ka karo i ngā takahitanga o te tiriti. Engari ia me tū tonu te Karauna ki te tiaki i ngā mana tiriti o te Māori hei whakahōnore i te tiriti. I kī anō te taraipiunara ko te ‘kupu taurangi’ (guarantee) he hōhonu ake i te tuku noa iho mā te Māori anō e whakaharakoa ki tōna reo me tōna ahurea. Me rapu huarahi tūturu hei manaakitanga i te Māori kia pai ai tōna mau ki ngā taonga reo, me tōna ahurea.’5
  • I hua ake te kawenga kaitiaki o te Karauna i te tekau tau 1990, arā, i te whakataunga o te Karauna i ētahi rawa pērā i ngā pāpāho irirangi me te pūngao. Ko te kawenga kaitiaki i konei ko te pono o te hoa o raro (te Māori) e mahi pono ana te hoa o runga (te Karauna) mō ā rāua painga anō. Kua kī te taraipiunara, ‘I te mea ko te kāwanatanga te mana nui o tēnei hononga, he kawenga kaitiaki tōna hei tiaki i ngā painga a te Māori.’6
  • Ko te tikanga o te mātāpono kōwhiri, kia āhei te Māori ki te whai i te huarahi nāna i whakatakoto. Ka whakamārama te taraipiunara ka tiaki te tiriti i ngā mana Māori, ā, ka tukuna hoki te mana tangata Peretānia.7 Ko te hua, ka taea e te Māori te hīkoi i ngā ao e rua, ā, māna rawa e tohu ki hea hīkoi ai. 
  • He roa te wā e hanga haeretia ana te mātāpono whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. I mua atu ka whakaarotia he ātawhaitanga noa te whakamōhio a te Karauna i te Māori, engari kua huri kē tēnei hei kawenga. I te tau 1999 ka kī te taraipiunara, ‘Ki tō mātou titiro mā te kōrero ka hua ake te hononga pono i waenganui i ngā hoa o te Tiriti … me kimi me rapu te huarahi pai mō te katoa e hāngai tonu ai ki ngā mātāpono tiriti.’8
  • Ko te mātāpono o te whakawhanake te mātāpono e pā rawa ai te tiriti ki ngā rawa me ngā hangarau kāore i kitea i te wā i hainatia e ngā hoa tiriti i te tau 1840. I te tau 1993 ka kī te taraipiunara kāore e taea te whakawhāiti i ngā hiahia a te Māori ki te horopaki o te wā o te tiriti, ā, ka whakaurua hoki te mana ki te whakawhanake rawa hei oranga ohaoha. Engari i te kerēme huarākau kiwi i te tau 1995 ka kī ake te taraipiunara, ‘ki tō mātou titiro, e kore e taea te kukume ngā mātāpono o te Tiriti kia whakawhānuitia te tika ki te whakawhanake i te taonga ki runga tonu i te ahuhoko huarākau kiwi i ēnei rā.’9
Kupu tāpiri
  1. Tohutoro in W. H. Oliver, Claims to the Waitangi Tribunal. Te Whanganui-a-Tara: Department of Justice, 1991, p. 81. Back
  2. Waitangi Tribunal, Report of the Waitangi Tribunal on claims concerning the allocation of radio frequencies. Te Whanganui-a-Tara: Brooker and Friend, 1990, p. 237. Back
  3. Waitangi Tribunal, The Ngai Tahu report 1991. Vol. 1. Te Whanganui-a-Tara: Brooker and Friend, 1991, p. 236. Back
  4. The Ngai Tahu report 1991, Vol. 1, pp. 242–243. Back
  5. Waitangi Tribunal, Report of the Waitangi Tribunal on the Orakei claim. Te Whanganui-a-Tara: Brooker and Friend, 1987, p. 135. Back
  6. Waitangi Tribunal, Te Maunga Railways Land report. Te Whanganui-a-Tara: Brooker’s, 1994, pp. 67–68. Back
  7. Waitangi Tribunal, Report of the Waitangi Tribunal on the Muriwhenua fishing claim. Te Whanganui-a-Tara: Department of Justice, 1988, p. 195. Back
  8. Waitangi Tribunal, Radio Spectrum Management and Development final report. Te Whanganui-a-Tara: Brooker’s, 1999, pp. 38–39. Back
  9. Waitangi Tribunal, Kiwifruit marketing report 1995. Te Whanganui-a-Tara: Brooker’s, 1995, p. 14. Back
Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Janine Hayward, 'Ngā mātāpono o te tiriti - Ngā mātāpono tiriti i whakawhanakehia e te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/mi/nga-matapono-o-te-tiriti/page-4 (accessed 16 April 2024)

He kōrero nā Janine Hayward, i tāngia i te 20 Jun 2012, reviewed & revised 16 Jan 2023 me te āwhina o Janine Hayward