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Kōrero: Kapa Haka

Whārangi 3: Ngā panonitanga o te rautau-20

Waiata-ā-ringa

Nō ngā tau tōmua o te rautau 20 e tāpiritia ana ngā waiata-ā-ringa. I hua ake te waiata-ā-ringa i te whenumitanga o ngā waiata Pākehā me ngā nekeneke tuku iho mai i ngā tīpuna Poronīhia, ko te tūāpapa ko ngā kōrero tuku iho ā te Māori. Rerekē ana te haka me te waiata tawhito ki te waiata-ā-ringa, he maha ake ngā ā-ringa o ēnei waiata hou hei kīnaki i ngā kupu.

Ko Āpirana Ngata

E whakaae ana te iti me te rahi nā ngā mahi a Āpirana Ngata i kaingā kaunuitia ai te waiata ā-ringa i te ao Māori. Ko ngā titonga tōmua rawa e kitea ana ki te hōtaka o te hui a te Rōpū Rangatahi Māori i te tau 1908, ko ōna kaiārahi ko Ngata, ko Te Rangi Hīroa (Peter Buck) nō Ngāti Mutunga, ko Māui Pōmare mā nō Ngāti Mutunga, nō Ngāti Toa hoki. 

I te wā o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao ka whakatenatenatia ngā kapa haka e Ngata ki te kohi moni mō tāna Tahua Pūtea mō ngā Hōia Māori. I muri mai i te pakanga ka kohia e ia ngā waiata me ngā whaikōrero, ā, nō te tau 1929 ka puawai ake ko te puka o Ngā Mōteatea, nā, nō taua wā rā kua noho taua pukapuka hei taonga tohutoro mā ngā kaihaka. 

Te poi waka 

Ko tā te poi, ka whakarārangihia ngā wāhine whakaritea ana rātou me he kaihoe rātou. E ai ki ētahi nā Bella Papakura (Guide Bella) o Te Arawa tēnei i tito i te Whakaaturanga i Ōtautahi i ngā tau 1906–07.

Te tito waiata-ā-ringa

He maha ngā waiata hou ka titoa e, ka titoa mā ngā kapa haka hoki i tēnei wā. Nō te takiwā o 1918 ka titoa a ‘Pō Atarau’ (‘Now is the Hour’). Nāwai ā, ka waiatatia tēnei waiata e ngā manu korokī o te ao pērā i a Bing Crosby. 

Te piupiu me ētahi atu kākahu

Nā te kaha ngākaunui o te tangata ki te kapa haka i te rautau 20 ka rerekē anō ngā momo kākahu, ā, ka whakarākaitia atu me ngā pūweru tūturu ake o te Māori, kua kore kē e tino kitea. Ka hangā houtia ētahi kākahu nō te ao tawhito. Ko te piupiu tētahi pūweru mō te tāne me te wahine, ā, he mea whakahirahira i roto i te kapa haka. Ko te tikanga o te kupu piupiu he piu mai i tētahi taha ki tētahi. He mea hanga te piupiu ki te harakeke maroke, ā, ka rarā ōna aho ki te manawataki o te haka.

Ngā taonga pūoro

Ka tīpako tonu ngā kapa haka Māori ki te whakamahi i ngā taonga puoro Pākehā hei kīnaki i ngā titonga Pākehā. Ko te rakuraku tētahi i ngākaunuiti, nā te māmā ki te kawe haere. Ko te piana koriana anō tētahi whakatangitangi i kitea e paingia ana e te Māori i te tīmatanga o te rautau 20.

I te Matatini 2017, i whakamahia e Te Reanga Mōrehu o Rātana ngā whakatangitangi e rite nei te āhua ki te pēne parāhe o te Hāhi Rātana.

Ki mua Whai muri: Whārangi 4. Urban groups and formal competitions Whai muri

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārang

Valance Smith, Kapa Haka – Ngā panonitanga o te rautau-20, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/kapa-haka/page-3 (accessed 4 June 2026).

He kōrero nā Valance Smith, i tāngia i te 26 May 2017, updated 23 October 2024.