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Kōrero: Pōmare, Māui Wiremu Piti Naera

Whārangi 1: Haurongo

Ngā whakaahua me ngā rauemi katoa o tēnei kōrero

Pōmare, Māui Wiremu Piti Naera

1875/1876?–1930

Nō Ngāti Mutunga, nō Ngāti Toa; he āpiha o te ora, he kaiwhakahou hauora Māori, he kaitōrangapū

I tuhia tēnei haurongo e Graham Butterworth, ā, i tāngia tuatahitia ki Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau i te 1996. He mea whakamāori nā Ngā Tangata Taumata Rau.

Ko Māui Wiremu Piti Naera Pōmare tētehi o te whakatupuranga o ngā kaingārahu Māori i kuraina i te Kāreti o Te Aute i te tekau tau atu i 1890, ā, i uru atu ki ngā tūranga kaiārahitanga o te ao Māori me te ao Pākehā ngātahi. Ko Pāhau pā (Pāhou rānei) i Ōnaeroa (Ōnaero, Ōnaera rānei) tana whare kōhanga, e pātata ana ki Urenui i te rohe o Taranaki. E ai ki te rēhita o te kura, ko te 24 o Ākuhata 1875 tōna rā whānau, ēngari ko te 13 o Hānuere 1876 kē kei tana tiwhikete o te hemonga e mau ana. Na, nā Kahe Te Rau-o-te-rangi, tētehi o te hunga tokoiti wāhine nā rātou i haina te Tiriti o Waitangi, ka puta ko Mere Hautonga Nicoll (e mōhiotia ana anō ko Mary Nichols) o Ngāti Toa, ā, nāna ko Māui Pōmare. Nō Ngāti Mutunga tana pāpara, a Wiremu Naera Pōmare, ā, he hononga anō ōna ki a Te Āti Awa. Hei irāmutu a Wiremu Naera ki a Wiremu Piti Pōmare, ā, nāna tana irāmutu i taurima. Ko Wiremu Piti tētehi o ngā amorangi o Taranaki o te heke o te tekau tau atu i 1820 ki te motu o Kapiti, hei uku mō Te Rauparaha. He mea hoatu ngā whenua potapotae o Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Wellington) ki a ia, ēngari, nā ngā rīriri ki a Ngāti Toa ka heria e ia te hunga wene nei a Ngāti Mutunga me Ngāti Tama ki Rēkohu, arā, ko te īngoa Māori ko Wharekauri (Chatham Islands), i te tau 1835. Koinei te take i whai pānga whenua ai te pāpara o Māui Pōmare i Taranaki, i Wharekauri me Pōneke (Wellington) hoki.

I kuraina a Māui i ngā kura tuatahi o Waitara, o Wharekauri, i te Kura o Tīpene (St Stephen's Native Boys' School) me te kura tuarua o te Hāhi Mihinare (Church of England Grammar School) i Panēra (Parnell) wāhi o Ākarana (Auckland). Nā te mea i roto ōna mātua i te apataki a Te Whiti, koia tērā te take i noho ai ia i ētehi wā ki Parihaka. I reira a ia i te tau 1881, i te wā i whakaekea ai a Parihaka e ngā Pirihimana Mau Pū (Armed Constubulary).

Tekau mā tahi ngā tau o Māui Pōmare i te hinganga o Wiremu Pōmare. I a ia e whakahemohemo ana ka puta tana ōhākī whakahauhau ki tana tama, kia whāia e ia te mātauranga o te Pākehā, hei painga mō tōna iwi. Koinei te take i tonoa atu a ia i 1887 ki te kura tuarua mō ngā taitamariki o Ōtautahi (Christchurch Boys' High School). He mea kaingākau ki a ia te mahi kauhoe, ā, ahakoa te mea noa mai a te tangata ki a ia, kua hiahia tonu atu ia ki te meke. Nō te matenga o tōna whaea i te tau 1889, ka noho ko tōna whaene kēkē, ko Hēni Te Rau Nicoll tana kaitiaki, ā, nāna a Māui i whakawhiti ki te Kāreti o Te Aute. He tangata ngākau nui a Te Tātana (John Thornton), te tumuaki o Te Aute. Nāna i whakaako te momo whakaakoranga ki ana ākonga mā reira nei rātou e āhei atu ai ki ngā umanga ngaio, me te tū hei kaiārahi mō te iwi Māori.

Nā Te Tātana aua tama nei i whakamōhio ki te pānui whakamārama a Te Pōpi (James Pope), ko Health for the Māori te īngoa. Kei roto e mau ana te tohe a Te Pōpi, arā, kia mōhio rā anō te Māori ki ngā tikanga akuaku, ka pāpāngia tonutia rātou e te tahumaero. Ko tā Te Tātana i hiahia ai kia riro mā aua tamatāne nei e whakahoki ngā kōrero a Te Pōpi ki ō rātou kāinga. I Hune o 1889, ka taiāwhiotia e Pōmare me ōna hoa ākonga e rua, e Rēweti Kōhere rāua ko Timutimu Tāwhai, ngā kāinga o Te Matau-a-Māui (Hawke's Bay), ki te kauwhau haere i aua kōrero, arā, me anga te Māori ki te whakapai ake i te āhua o tā rātou noho. Ko 1891 te tau i whakaarahia ai e ētehi o ngā ākonga tētehi rōpū hei whakapai ake i te noho a te iwi Māori, arā, ko te Association for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Māori Race. Nā taua rōpū rā i whakatakoto ētehi marohitanga mō ngā whakahoutanga, ēngari whakamamae ana. Koinei ētehi, arā, ko te turaki i te waipiro, ko te whakakāhoretanga i ngā tikanga e whara ai te tangata, me ngā hui e meinga ana kāore tētehi paku painga e puta. Ka oho rā ngā mātāpuputu, ka noho toheriri ki te tū taikaha a ngā taitama nei, ā, nāwai, nāwai, tere tonu te ngaro atu o taua rōpū nei.

I a Pōmare i Te Aute ka tūtaki ia ki ētehi o ngā kaiārahi o te Hāhi Rā Whitu (Seventh Day Adventist Church) i Ahuriri (Napier). Nō rātou te whakaaro kia whakauru atu a Pōmare ki tō rātou kāreti i Battle Creek wāhi o Michigan, hei mihinare mō te ora. Ko tā ngā whanaunga kē hoki me haere ia ki te ako hei rōia, ka mutu ka uru atu ki te Whare Pāremata, ēngari, hei tāna, he nui ake ngā painga ka puta ki te Māori menā ka whai ia i te mahi tākuta. Nō te tau 1893 i whakawhiti atu a ia ki Michigan, ā, atu i te wā poto nei i tana hokinga mai i te tau 1895, ka mutu atu i te tau 1900 tana roa ki reira. I mua i tana wehetanga atu i Aotearoa nei, ka whāngaia a ia e tētehi tohunga tauheke o Ngāti Mutunga, ko Tēpene te īngoa, ki āna tikanga me ōna toi ā-iwi.

E tīmata ana a Pōmare i ana akoranga wā roa i tētehi whenua kē, ā, kāore hoki he tangata o tōna iwi i reira. Ka anga ia ki te whakawhirinaki ki tōna ake kakama ki te kohi moni hei utu i te whakaakona ōna, me te whakaari i tana tū pakari me tōna mana motuhake taihoa ake nei ka whakawherea e ia ngā Māori katoa kia tū pērā i a ia rā. I tere tonu a Pōmare ki te whakatinana i te āhua mahira kua puta i tōna taenga atu, ā, tahuri ana ki te pānui i tētehi kauwhau e pā ana ki nga kōrero o neherā, ki ngā kōrero pūrākau me ngā tikanga ā-iwi a te Māori. He tangata mātau ki te whaikōrero, ā, i te wā i a ia i Amerika, e hia kē nei ngā kauwhau i kauwhautia e ia e pā ana ki taua kaupapa nei. He mea whakaatu pēnei nā tētehi nūpepa o taua wā tana āhua, arā, he taiohi tū pakari, he ngākau hari, he ngutu atamai, ā, he ngahau ki te kōrero, he ngākau māhaki. Ko ētehi atu mahi i mahia e ia, ko te mahi hei kaihoko i tētehi toa taka rongoā, hoko taonga huhua, hoko kai hoki; ko ia te kaiwhakahaere i ngā mahi huhuti hune – arā, te mahi kato kātene – i ngā rohe ki te tonga o Amerika; ko tētehi mahi anō āna he ringawera i rō kīhini, me te whakawātea i a ia ki te toro whānui i te nuku o Amerika.

Ka tutuki i a ia te kaupapa i whakaritea hei rangahautanga māna i Battle Creek, ka neke pērā a Pōmare ki te kāreti o Amerika mō ngā tākuta mihinare (American Medical Missionary College) i Chicago, ā, nō te tau 1899, ka whakawhiwhia a ia ki tana MD, arā, te tohu paetahi hei tākuta. He wā a ia i te Hōhipera o Cook County i Chicago i mua i tana hokinga mai ki Aotearoa nei i te Ākuhata o 1900.

Waimarie ana ia i te wā o tōna taenga mai. Kua oti kē i te Kotahitanga o ngā Tamariki o te Kāreti o Te Aute (Te Aute College Students' Association) te whakatauākī te uaratanga mō ngā tākuta Māori, ko te tukunga iho ko te tuku a Te Rangi Hīroa (Peter Buck) rāua ko Rīwai Tāwhiri kia haere rāua ki te ako hei tākuta. I taua wā anō, ka tīmata mai i Ahitereiria te urutā mate piwa nā te kakā o te tīpona waitinana, ā, nā te mataku kei urutā mai ki Aotearoa nei, nānā i hāngai ai te titiro ki te arotahi ki te āhua o te kino o ngā whare o Ākarana, o Pōneke, o Ōtautahi, tae atu hoki ki ngā kāinga Māori. I whakaturea e Te Waari (Joseph Ward), te minita mō te tari whakaora (minister of public health), te ture ārai i te urutā mate piwa rā, arā, te Bubonic Plague Prevention Act, 1900, ā, nō muri tata mai ka whakamanahia te Ture Whakaora i te Katoa (Public Health Act).

Nō Maehe o 1901, ka whakatūria a Māui Pōmare hei āpiha hauora mō ngā Māori. I ōrite ōna mana ki ō ngā āpiha hauora ā-rohe, arā, he tūranga i raro iti iho i tērā o te tumuaki tūturu o te tari. Ko te kaupapa nui i hoatu māna e taka ko te hui nui i Rotorua i te Hune o 1901, hei pōwhiri i te Tiuka o Cornwall, o York rāua ko tana hoa wahine. Nā Timi Kara (James Carroll), te minita mō ngā take Māori, i whakarite taua pōwhiri hei whakakite i te ngākau pono o te Māori ki a Kuini Wikitōria me tōna whānau, ā, hei whakaatu i te momo ao hou e whāia ana e te Māori. I mahi tahi a Pōmare me te komiti nā rātou te kawenga ki ngā whakaritenga hauora me ngā whakaritenga parukore hoki. Ahakoa i tata ki te 3,500 ngā Māori o ngā tōpito katoa o Aotearoa i reira, he mea tino whakamīharo rawa atu te pai o te tū o te puni me tana noho parukore hoki. Tē kitea te haurangi, te putanga rānei o te tahumaero. He huarahi pai taua hui nei hei whakamōhio atu i a Pōmare ki ngā rangatira Māori, ā, hei whakamōhio hoki i aua rangatira nei me ō rātou iwi ki ngā mahi e pā ana ki te whakahounga i te taha hauora.

I te tīmatanga, i te wā e mau pakari tonu ana te wehi ki te mate piwa nā te kakā o te tīpona waitinana, nā te kāwanatanga Rīpera i tautāwhi ngā mahi e whakahou ana i ngā kaupapa hauora me ngā kaupapa pāpori. Nā ngā kaunihera ā-rohe Māori i hanga ētehi whakaritenga e pā ana ki te rerenga parukore me te tikanga akuaku. He mea whakatū haere ētehi kaitirotiro parukore, ko te nuinga o rātou i kōwhiria tonutia mai i ngā ūpoko ngārahu, nā te mea i a rātou anake te mana ki te whakatutuki i ā rātou whakahau. Ko tētehi rārangi mahi nā Pōmare i whakatakoto mōna ake, ko te toro auau atu i ngā kāinga. Haere tonu ai mā raro i ētehi wā mō ngā māero e hia kē nei te roa, ki te āta titiro i te puna wai inu o aua kāinga, ki te wāhi pangaina ai ngā parapara tae atu ki ngā whakaritenga parukore, ā, ki te āwhina i te hunga e māuiuitia ana. Kotahi mano e iwa rau ngā whare mahue nā Pōmare i tou ki te ahi, nā runga i tana māharahara kei puta ake ngā whakararu hauora i aua whare nei.

Ahakoa te anipā o Pōmare i te tīmatanga ina tūtaki ana te iwi ki a ia, nō muri kē a ia i kite ai kua oti kē i ngā ākonga o Te Aute te para te huarahi mōna, ā, ko tā te iwi ki a ia he tuku i a ia kia kōrero, ahakoa kīhai rātou i rongo ki āna whakahau i ētehi wā. Ko te hua o ngā torotoronga atu a Pōmare i ngā wāhi nohoanga Māori ko te whiwhi ōna i te pūmanawa o te pūkōrero mātāhō. Nāna i ahu tētehi momo whakahaere mō te karu whakarahi, hei whakaatu i ngā ngārara moroiti kei rō wai paru. I a ia anō hoki ētehi papapūata o ētehi o ngā momo ngārara moroiti, hei whakaatu ki te hunga taunu.

Kei ētehi o ana pūrongo ana kupu pūkawa e pā ana ki te hunga e matemate ana i te mahi a ētehi o ngā momo tohunga hou; hei tauira, ko te whakamātau ki te whakahoki ake i te hauora mā te whakakaukau i te tūroro i rō wai makariri, kātahi ka whāngaia ki te waipiro.I tū pakari ia ki te tautoko i te Ture Whakamutu Tohunga (Tohunga Suppression Act) o 1907 nā Timi Kara i whakatakoto ki te aroaro o te Pāremata.

Ahakoa te whakapono o Pōmare, arā, ka taea e ngā tikanga whakaora tōtika te aukati te whatu ngarongaro o te Māori, i mōhio anō hoki ia kua rerekē haere te āhua o ngā Māori; nā te mea, e puta ake ana i muri i te awe kāpara he iwi hou whai tupuna Pākehā, ā, kei taua iwi hou nei ngā āhuatanga tino pai rawa atu o ngā iwi e rua. Kāore a ia i whakaaro pērā i a Apirana Ngata rā, nā te mea, ko te māharahara kē o tērā kei ngaro te tuakiri o te Māori. He tikanga pai ki a Pōmare te mārenarena a te Māori ki a tauiwi, me te tango mai a te Māori i ngā tikanga ā-iwi a tērā.

Atu i te tau 1902 ki 1910, nā Pōmare i tuku ētehi pūrongo tākare ki te Pāremata e pā ana ki āna mahi. Ehara i te mea ko te hauora anake i kōrerotia e ia. I whakaurua atu anō e ia ōna whakaaro e pā ana ki ētehi take huhua tonu, arā, ko te whakaakoranga me ngā tikanga whenua ētehi. He wā anō ka kowhetetia a ia e ōna rangatira. Mārakerake ana te whakaatu mai a aua pūrongo nei i te whakapono o Pōmare kia whakahāngaitia mai te noho ā-iwi a te Māori ki te ao hou, ahakoa ko te rironga o ngā whenua Māori te papa. Ki a Pōmare me kōwhiri e te Māori mōna te āhua noho a te Pākehā, me tū tangata ia, ā, ko te mea nui rawa ko te tahuri ki te mahi.

I Tūranga, i te 7 o Hānuere 1903, ka mārenatia e Māui Pōmare a Mildred Mīria (Amelia) Tāpapa Woodbine Johnson o Te Tai Rāwhiti. Ko James Woodbine Johnson o Maraetaha tana pāpā. He tangata whai taonga, ā, ko te mahi ahu whenua me te whakatupu hua rākau tāna umanga. I moe a James i a Mere Hape o Rongowhakaata me Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki. He kākano rua te momo whakaakoranga i whakawhiwhia e ngā mātua o Mīria ki a ia. Nā tōna whaea i hua kia akona e ia te reo Māori, ā, kia ū tonu tana whakapāpā atu ki ōna ngare. Na, he paetahi tana pāpā nō te whare wānanga o Kēmureti (Cambridge) i Ingarangi, ā, nāna i hua kia akona a Mīria e tētehi kaiwhakaako wahine ā-whare ki ngā tino mātauranga o te Pākehā, me te tuku anō hoki i a ia ki te kura tuarua ā-rohe o Tūranga (Gisborne District High School). I tupu ake ia hei wahine tuakiri whai mana.

I tū a Mīria hei kaimanaaki manuhiri mā Pōmare. He tūranga mātātoa tōna i roto i ngā rōpū whakahaere o te iwi kāinga, ā, atu i 1911 i whakapaua e ia ōna kaha ki te kaneke whakamua i te umanga tōrangapū o Pōmare. Ko ētehi whiwhinga moni motuhake tāna i heri mai ai ki tō rāua mārenatanga. Nā tēnei i taea ai e rāua te hanga tētehi whare ko Hiwiroa te īngoa, me ētehi papa tākaro tēnehi, ā, me ētehi kāri whakarākei hoki i runga i te whenua whaka-te-raro o Te Awakairangi (Lower Hutt), e whitu eka te rahi. He whare manaaki i te tangata, ā, he huatau te āhua o tā rāua whakamanuwhiri i taua wāhi nei. Na, ki te āta tiakina te moni tuku iho a Mīria, ka taea e rāua te utu ngā mea katoa e hiahiatia ana mō te whare. Nā tēnei i whakawātea a Pōmare ki te whakamahi i tana utu pāremata hei tuarā i ōna tūmanakotanga tōrangapū, me te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ana kaipōti ā-rohe kia rangatira tana manaaki i a rātou me te tuku i ngā koha e tika ana mā rātou. O ngā tamariki i puta ki a Māui rāua ko Mīria Pōmare, tokorua ngā mea tāne, kotahi te mea wahine.

Ko te āhua nei he wā matekiri ngā tau whakamutunga e toru i a Pōmare e noho ana hei āpiha mō te ora. Kua ngaro te whai take a te kāwanatanga Rīpera ki te whakahou haere i ngā mea hauora. Nāwai, nāwai, āta whakaiti haeretia ana ngā moni mō ngā mahi hauora. Ko ngā kaitirotiro parukore ēnā kua whakakāhoretia. Ko ngā mahi a ngā kaunihera Māori he mea hoatu hei mahi tuarua noa iho mā ngā karaka e tiaki ana i ngā mauhanga o te Tari Māori, ā, ko Pōmare tonu tētehi i neke pērātia atu anō hoki ki tērā tari.

I puta ake tētehi huarahi hou mōna i tōna whenua tupu o Taranaki. Ko tōna tikanga, ko ngā whenua raupatu, neke atu i te 200,000 eka te rahi i rāhuitia mō te Māori, he mea rīhi kē ki ngā tāngata whai Pākehā. Nō te tau 1892, ka tukua ki aua tāngata whai nei i te mana whakahou i aua rīhi kia tū mō ake tonu atu, otirā, kīhai i whakamahia e te katoa taua mana nei. Ko Te Kahupūkoro tēnā ka tū hei kaiārahi mō tētehi pakanga tōrangapū ki te kōkiri i te whakahokinga mai o ngā whenua, 18,000 eka pea te rahi, ka eke nei ngā rīhi. Nā rātou ko tana apataki i a Timi Kara i whakawhere, ā, nā tērā te kī taurangi ka whakahokia atu ngā whenua ki a rātou, me te akiaki i a rātou kia kōwhiria tētehi taitama mōhio hei māngai mō rātou. He whakatū kē i tētehi māngai mō rātou ki te Pāremata tā rātou whakamāoritanga i te ia o ēnei tohutohu āna. Heoi anō, nō te tau 1911, ka whakatūria ko Pōmare hei kaiwhakauru mō Taranaki mō te tūru Māori o Te Tai Hauāuru.

I riro mai i a ia te tautoko a te Kīngi Māori, a Mahuta Te Wherowhero, nā te matekiri o te Kīngi ki a Hēnare Kaihau, te mema i a ia te tūru e pupuri ana. I whakamaharatia atu e Pōmare te herenga matatika kāore anō kia ea i te whānau o Mahuta, e pā ana ki te whakatūpatotanga a Te Rauparaha i a Pōtatau Te Wherowhero i tētehi wā i mua, arā, e tāria ana tērā e tētehi kokoti, ā, nā taua whakatūpatotanga i ora ai a Pōtatau. Nā Pōmare anō hoki te kī taurangi ka tautokona e ia a Waikato ki te puretumu i ā rātou kerēme mō ō rātou whenua i murua i te tekau tau atu i 1860. Nāna i whakamahi ōna hononga whakapapa hei tuitui i tōna whanaungatanga ki ngā rangatira me ngā kaumātua o ngā iwi maha. Ahakoa tē āmikitia e ia ana kī taurangi ko te whakahinapōuri nei tōna tukunga iho, nā ana pūmanawa ki te whaikōrero, ki te whakahua kupu whakarite, ki te whakatauākī hoki, i taea ai rātou e ia te whakarika kia aro atu, ā, kia whai whakamanawatanga ki a ia. Nā te arongatahi o te tautoko a Taranaki me Waikato i momoho ai tana pōtitanga.

I te rironga o te kāwanatanga i te Rōpū Riwhōma (Reform Party) a Te Maahi (William Massey) i te Hūrae o te tau 1912, ka whakatūria a Pōmare hei mema mō te Kaunihera Whiriwhiri (Executive Council) hei māngai mō te iwi Māori, ā, i meatia ko ia hei rangatira mō ngā kaunihera Māori. He iti noa iho ngā take i pahure i a ia, i a ia e pupuri ana i ēnei tūnga ririki, otirā, i te tau 1913, i taea e ia te whakature te rēhitatanga o ngā whānautanga me ngā hemonga Māori.

Ko te āhua o Pōmare ki te Pākehā, koia tērā te āhua o te Māori e pai ana ki a rātou. He huatau tōna āhua ki te mau i ngā kākahu papai; he tangata wairua whakahoahoa, wairua whakakatakata hoki, ā, ki tā te Pākehā nei titiro e noho ngākau pono ana a Pōmare ki te Karauna. He taetae tonu mai te mahi a te tono a te tangata ki a ia kia tū hei kaikōrero i muri i ngā hui tina-pō. Ka taea te whakawhirinaki ki a ia hei toka tū moana i te wā e whati ana ngā ngaru tōrangapū. Ehara tana wairua whakatūpato māori i te mea hei whakahōhā i tētehi rōpū tōrangapū e kore ana e pai ki ngā mahi whakahou whakakorikori. Ki ōna hoa mahi, he tangata ngākau pono ia ki tōna kāhui tōrangapū. Nō te tau 1920, i whakawhiwhia a ia e rātou ki te tohu CMG, ā, nō te tau 1922 ko te KBE.

Ko te pakanga tōrangapū tuatahi nui a Pōmare ko te kōkiri kia whakahokia mai ngā whenua rīhi o Taranaki. E ai ki te whakataunga a tētehi kōmihana i whakatūria i te tau 1912, kua rite kē te wā ki ngā tāngata whai ki te whakarerekē i ā rātou rīhi, ā, ko te whakahau a taua kōmihana me tuku te mana hoko mai i aua rīhi nei, ina wātea ana mō te hoko ki te hunga tūmatanui, ki ngā kaiwhiwhi Māori. Ka nōnoke a Pōmare ki ngā kaitango rīhi ki te whakatatū i tētehi whakataunga. I tukua atu tētehi wā anō, 10 tau te roa, ki ngā kaitangorīhi, ā, kia utua kia rua ngā hautoru o ngā rēti ki tētehi pūtea motuhake, mā te kaitiaki tūmatanui e whakahaere, hei utu i ngā whakapainga i oti i ngā kaitango rīhi. I whakatinanatia tēnei ki te Ture Whakatikatika Ture Whakatau Rāhui o Te Tai Hauāuru (West Coast Settlement Reserves Amendment Act) o 1913. Ko te mea whakarapa kē, he mea whakature nā te kāwanatanga te whakaritenga e tuku ana i ngā pānga whenua rāhui kia hokona. He mea hoko atu te nuinga o aua whenua nei. Nāwai, nāwai, he iti iho i tā Pōmare i tūmanako ai ngā whenua i riro mai i te Māori.

I te wā o te Pakanga Tuatahi ko Pōmare te tiamana o tētehi komiti hei whakahauhau i te Māori kia haina. Hāngai tonu tana titiro ki te raru e ahu mai ana i te uaua o te kite kaimahi, me te ātete a āna kaipōti ake o Waikato ki tana mahi taritari ope. E kī ana tāna i tohe ai, mā te whakaae ki te haina e whakaatu, arā, kua rite i te Māori te wā e whakaaetia ai te ōritetanga o tōna rangatiratanga tangata whenua ki tō te Pākehā. Ko te mutunga iho, ka akiākina ia ki te tuku kia whakamahia te kaupapa o te māperetanga. Koinā a Waikato i tino whakatakariri ai ki a ia. Hei aha koa, nā te mea he nui tonu ngā Māori i haina, me te pai hoki o ngā mauhanga mō ngā mahi a te ope taua tūao Māori, nā konei i āhei ai a Pōmare rāua ko Ngata i muri mai, ki te tohe kia takoto he kaupapahere e pai noa ake ana. Ko tētehi o ēnei ko te whakatau i ngā whakamau e pā ana ki ngā whenua raupatu.

Atu i 1916 ki 1928 a Pōmare e nōnoke ana i ngā raruraru o te noho kōaha o ngā motu o te Kuki Airani (Cook Islands) nā te mea ko ia te minita o aua motu i taua wā. Nāna i whakamātau ki te kimi i ētehi moni hei whakapai ake i ngā ratonga ki ngā iwi o te Kuki Airani, ā, ki te āwhina hoki i ngā kaiwhakatupu hua kai kia pai ai tā rātou whakataetae ki ngā mākete i Aotearoa nei. I te wā i a ia te tūranga minita, ka whakarahia ake te takuhe mai i te £7,500 ā tata ana ki te £50,000. I tohe anō hoki ia kia akona te reo Pākehā ki ngā Māori o ngā motu o te Kuki Airani. Nāna i whakamōhio ki te kāwanatanga kāore he wāhi tika hei maimoa i a rātou e kainga ana e te tūhawaiki. Ko 1926 te tau i whakaritea ai e ia kia heria ngā tūroro ki tētehi teihana mate tūhawaiki i Whīti. Nāna i ārai te kaupapa o te kāwanatanga mana motuhake ki te Kuki Airani, i runga i tana whakaaro kāore anō kia tika noa aua moutere nei mō tēnei tū āhuatanga. I puta te whakapae i hapa i a ia te whakamārama tōtika atu i ngā hanganga ture i hangaia hei whakakapi mō ērā i hangaia e te kaunihera o ngā motu. Hei aha koa, he mea nui ki te tangata whenua ōna kaha i whakapaua e ia, me tana whaiaro. Ko te taonga i tukua e rātou ki a ia hei whakaatu i tō rātou whakaaro nui ki a ia, ko tētehi kapu-aroha (arā, he kapu hiriwa nui, i ētehi wā e rua ōna kakau, ā, ka mutu tāu inu ka hoatu ki tētehi atu ā huri noa), me tētehi mauhanga whakamihi nā ngā pakeke katoa i haina mō ngā mahi i mahia e ia.

Mai i Hune o 1923, arā, te wā i a ia i te tūnga o te minita mō te ora, koia tēnā te taumata o tana umanga. He uaua te tūnga i whakawhiwhia ki a ia. Ko ngā hua o te wā kore mahi o 1920–21, £20,000 te moni i tapahia mai i te tahua a te Tari o te Ora (Health Department). Tērā atu anō ētehi raru tino nui o roto ake i te tari, ā, noho whakatūpato ana te umanga tākuta ki taua tari. Ko te take matua tūmatanui e whakaangaangatia ana e Pōmare ko te maha o ngā kōhungahunga me ngā whāea e hemohemo ana. Na, he tākuta ngā kaiwhiwhi o ngā hōhipera whare kōhanga tūmataiti. E puta mai ana tētehi wāhi nui tonu o ā rātou whiwhinga moni i reira. Koinei ngā wāhi e maimoa ana i ngā wāhine whānau tamariki. I tautokona e ngā āpiha a te Tari o te Ora ngā tikanga whakahaere hei whakakāhore i ngā iroiti, ahakoa te whakahē a ngā tākuta ngaio i te hiahia kia whakamahia aua tikanga whakahaere rā i te wā e whānau mai ana te tamaiti, me tō rātou māharahara ki te nui o te moni e whakapaua ana ki te patuero i ngā taputapu.

E mārama ngātahi ana ki a Pōmare ngā take o te ora me ngā raruraru e pā ana ki ngā whakahaere o te mahi. Nō te tau 1924, ka hāpaitia e ia tētehi kaupapa e whakamarumaru ana i ngā wāhine whānau tamariki. Ko tā taua kaupapa nei he whakahāngai i te titiro ki te maimoa i te hapūtanga, ki te whakakāhore i te iroiti, ki ngā kaupapahere tika mō ngā hōhipera, me te whakapai ake i ngā kaupapa hei whakangungu i ngā kaiwhakawhānau. Nā ana āpiha i hanga ētehi taputapu patuero. Arā kē noa atu te ngāwari o te utu me te rawe o te mahi a aua taputapu nei. Nā aua taputapu nei i whakatakoto te tauira mō ngā tikanga whakahaere iroiti-kore, mai i te wā e whakamamae ana te whaea, ā puta noa te tamaiti ki waho. Ko tā Pōmare i taua wā anō he kimi kia whakarahia ake te maha o ngā hōhipera whare kōhanga tūmatanui, o ngā mātūtū whare kōhanga rānei hei whakapiri atu ki ngā hōhipera tūmatanui. Ko tētehi o ngā take matua i hemohemo ai ngā whāea taitamāhine ko te mate tērā e pā ki a rātou i te wiki tuaono i muri iho i te whānautanga, arā, te mate kitakita whakapirau. Nō muri iho i te tau 1927, whakamīharo ana te tokoiti o rātou i hemo. I te whakawhitiwhitinga i ngā mahi mā ngā mema o te rūnanga matua i te Hānuere o 1926, ka riro i tētehi atu te tūnga hauora o Pōmare. I mau tonu ki a ia ētehi o ana tūranga, ā, nō te tau 1928 i tū a ia mō te wā poto hei minita mō te taiwhenua.

I mahi tahi a Pōmare rāua ko Ngata ki te whakatū i tētehi kōmihana hei āta titiro ki ngā whenua raupatu. Ko taua kōmihana nei te mahi whakamutunga i tutuki i a ia. Kua roa kē a ia e kī taurangi ana, ka whāia e ia taua whakamau nei, ēngari nā te kaha mai o te kaupapa Rātana – e hāpai ana anō hoki rātou i taua take nei – nā reira a ia i werowero kia korikori. Tata tonu a Pōmare ka hinga i a H. T. Rātana i ngā pōtitanga o 1922, ā, ka meinga e ia ko te uiuinga e pā ana ki ngā whenua raupatu te mahi tōrangapū matua māna. Ka whakaritea e ia kia kohia tētehi pūtea whawhai, kātahi ka whakahauhautia e ia ngā tāngata puta noa i Te Ika-a-Māui kia tuku moni atu. I puta tana tono ki ngā Māori whiwhi pāmu o roto o Taranaki kia tukua atu tētehi wāhi o ā rātou haki kirīmi, ā, nāna te whakarite ki ngā wheketere kirīmi mā ērā e tuku te moni i kohia ki tētehi kaute nāna i whakatuwhera i Pōneke. Kua oti kē i a Pōmare a ia anō te āta taka i te whakaaetanga a Te Kōti (Gordon Coates) kia whakatūria tētehi kōmihana roera i Oketopa o 1926. I kitea e te kōmihana he tuwhene rawa ētehi o ngā murunga, ā, ko te whakaeatanga tā rātou i tūtohu ai. Ko 1931 te tau i whakaae ai a Taranaki kia utua ā-tautia te moni e £5,000 te nui ki a rātou; ka mahue mai ko Waikato ki konā whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro ai ā tae noa ki 1947, te tau i whakaae ai rātou kia riro i a rātou te moni pērā te nui i tā Taranaki rā.

Nō te tata paunga o 1928, ka pāngia a Pōmare e te mate kohi. Nā Pōmare a Ngata i āwhina ki te tuarā i ngā kaupapa e mahia ana e Āpirana, ā, hei utu i aua taituarātanga ka whakahaeretia e Ngata te pakanga pōtitanga mā Pōmare, me te tiaki i ana reta rohe pōti. I te māmātanga mai o tana mate kohi mō tētehi wā poto, ka haere a Pōmare ki Amerika ki te whai i te āhuarangi me ngā rongoā o reira. I hinga mai ia ki Los Angeles i te 27 o Hune 1930. Tutū ana te puehu i te tukutanga i tana tūpāpaku kia tahuna, tēnā kia nehua ia ki ngā tikanga a te Māori. Nō te whakahokitanga mai i ana pungarehu ki Aotearoa nei, ka whakatakotoria ki te Whare Pāremata kia āhei ai te hunga tūmatanui ki te whakanui i a ia i mua i te heringa ki te urupā o Manukorihi i Waitara, okioki ai. I kawaina te whare whakairo whakamaumaharatanga ki a ia i Waitara i te 27 o Hune 1936.

Ko 1911 te tau i whakaae ai a Pōmare rātou ko Ngata, ko Te Rangi Hīroa mā kia wehewehea ki waenganui i a rātou ētehi āhuatanga whai mātauranga e pā ana ki ngā kōrero a ngā tūpuna me ngā mātauranga momo tangata. Ko ngā kōrero pūrākau me ngā pakiwaitara te wāhanga i riro i a Pōmare. Nā rāua tahi ko Hēmi Kāwana (James Cowan) i taka ngā tuhinga o ētehi pukapuka e rua. He mea tapa ko Legends of the Maori , ā, i whakapukapukatia i muri i te matenga o Pōmare. E noho hihiri tonu ana ngā mahi a Mīria Pōmare i roto i ngā rōpū o te ora me ngā rōpū whakahaere o te wā kāinga. I hinga mai ia ki Te Awakairangi i te tau 1971.

I whakaihia e Māui Pōmare a ia anō ki te whakataka i tōna iwi ki te whakarerekē i te āhua o tā rātou noho kia toitū ai te ora ki a rātou i roto i te ao Pākehā. Nā te mea he Māori a Pōmare, ā, e tino matatau ana ia ki ngā tikanga Māori tuku iho, koia tērā te take i tutuki ai taua takanga āna. E rite katoa ana ki a ia te noho i te taiao o te marae, i te ao tōrangapū me āna tikanga whakahaere. Ko tāna i tūmanako ai, arā, mā tēnei tū āhua ōna e para te huarahi hei whāinga mai mā ētehi atu.

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Graham Butterworth. 'Pōmare, Māui Wiremu Piti Naera', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1996. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/3p30/pomare-maui-wiremu-piti-naera (accessed 19 March 2024)