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Kōrero: Kapa Haka

Whārangi 5: Te kapa haka o te rautau 21

Ngā whakataetae puta noa i te motu

I te rautau 21, ko te kapa haka te waka hei pupuri i te reo me te ahurea Māori. Inā te huhua tāngata ka tū ki te haka ki tēnā whaitua, ki tēnā taumāhekeheke puta noa i te motu. 

Tāpiri atu ki Te Matatini, he mano anō ngā tāngata ka haere ki te mātaki i ngā taiopenga ā-rohe hoki. Mai anō i te tau 2000, e tū ana Te Ahurea Tino Rangatiratanga, arā, ko te whakataetae kapa haka mō ngā kura tuarua o Tāmakimakaurau. Ko Te Mana Kuratahi te whakataetae ā-motu mō ngā kura tuatahi.

He take manatā

I te mea ka pāoho mataoratia ngā whakataetae matua, he mea uaua te tutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā rōpū ki te whakamahi i ngā waiata rongonui o te ao. Hei tauira, i ngā whakataetae kura tuarua o te motu 2022, ō ngā waiata 90,  e rua ngā waiata kāore i āhei te pāoho mataoratia, i te kore whakaae atu o ngā kaiwaiata nō rātou ngā waiata. Hei tā ētahi kaiako, he heipūtanga tēnei mō ngā kapa ki te waihanga i ō rātou ake waiata.

Ngā pānga o te KOWHEORI-19 ki te kapa haka

I aukatihia ngā whakataetae kapa haka mō ngā tau e rua nā te KOWHEORI-19. Ko Te Matatini Herenga Waka, Herenga Tangata, i whakaritea kia tū ki Ngā Ana Wai (Eden Park) i te tau 2021, i noho tārewa, ko te whakataetae kura tuarua ā-motu i panoni hei mea tiriata. Whakakapia ērā whakataetae, ki ētahi taiopenga ngahau ā-rohe, arā, ko Haka Ngāhau ā-Rohe. I te Hōngongoi 2022, i pōhiritia te mare ki runga o  Hakangahau.

Ngā Māori o Ahitereiria ki Te Matatini

I hua ake Te Matatini i te Taiopenga o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa. I tēra o ngā taiopenga ka whai wāhi atu ngā iwi o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa. Nāwai ā, ka noho te taiopenga ki te Māori anake. Heoi i te tau 2010 ka uru atu anō tētahi kapa nō tāwāhi ki Te Matatini, arā, ko Manawa Mai Tawhiti nō te Urupū (Perth) i Ahitereiria. I hinga i a rātou ngā kapa e waru o Ahitereiria kia tae rātou ki Te Matatini. 

Ngā hua mātauranga

He maha ngā hua mātauranga o te kapa haka. Tērā ko te pupuri me te whakatairanga i te reo me ngā tikanga Māori, tērā ko te whakamahinga o te mau rākau me te taonga puoro. Kua kite te hunga kaiako kāore i kō atu i te kapa haka hei ako i te pōwhiri, i te karakia me te whaikōrero. Kei roto i te kapa haka ngā akoranga e pā ana ki te whanaungatanga, te manaakitanga me te aroha, tae atu ki te mahi whakahere, mahi tito waiata me te whakakoi i te hinengaro. 

Ka whakaakona anō hoki te mahi kapa haka ki ngā whare wānanga hei pepa tohu paetahi. 

Te kapa haka

Tōmua o te rautau 21 i te tipu haere ngā whakanōhanga ā-motu, pēnei i Te Taua Moana ka tahuri ki te kapa haka hei pōwhiri i ngā manuiri, hei whakatenatena i te hautoa o te takitahi me te takitini. Nā konei anō i āhei atu ngā kaimahi Māori ki te ako i tō rātou ahurea. Ka mutu, ka ako ngā pia hou i te haka o te taua moana. Ko Toi Whakaari te kura toi whakaari o te motu, ka whakaakona te kapa haka ki ngā tauira o te tau tuatahi me te tau tuarua.

Te pōhiri i ngā tangata hau

Ko tā ngā kapa haka, ka Pōhiritia ōkawatia ai ngā manuhiri tuārangi, tangata hau ka tae mai ki Aotearoa. Kua pēnei te pōhiritia o ēnei tāngata, ko ngā mema o te kāhui ariki o Ingarangi, ko te Perehitina ō mua, ko Barack Obama, ko te kaiwaiata Billie Eilish, ko te kaiwhakaari, ko Jason Momoa hoki.

Te tukituki o te ao hou me te ao tawhito

E rerekē haere ana te kapa haka, ā, he rite tonu ngā tautohetohe a ngā kaipupuri tikanga me te hunga wairua auaha. Ko Te Rangihau tētahi i ū tonu ki ngā tikanga o tua whakarere. He tohunga mau rākau, he kākā tarahae hoki a Te Rangihau, kīhai tonu i whakaae ki te haka taparahi a te wahine. Arā anō hoki te momo pērā i a Ngāpō Wehi (nō Te Whakatōhea) i whakatenatena i te hunga wāhine kia haka. I te tau 1990 ka mau rākau ana wāhine, i kawa ai ētahi o te minenga. 

Ngā haka o ēnei rā

I ēnei rā ka ruku atu ngā titonga waiata ki ngā kaupapa o mua, o muri hoki. Kua tuhi haka a Wehi e pā ana ki te ‘kōpaki pūtea’, ki te taikaha a ētahi Māori, ko ngā take hauora e pā ai ki te iwi Māori me te hokonga atu o ngā rawa a te motu. E ū tonu ana a Wehi ki tāna kōrero, ko te kaupapa o te haka he ōrite ki ngā wā o mua. ‘I ēnei rā kua kore ngā pakanga o mua, ā, kua ahu kē ki ngā pakanga o te ao tōrangapū.’1

Te tuakiri ā-iwi

He kaihaka, he kaiako, he kaitito, he kaiwhakawā haka hoki a Te Rita Papesch. Kua whakapuakina e ia tōna āwangawanga ki te ngaronga o te tuakiri ā-iwi i waenganui i ngā kapa haka o ēnei rā. I mua atu he mārakerake te kite atu nō hea tētahi i tōna mita, i ōna nekeneke me tōna tū. Heoi nō nā tata nei i waimeha ai te tū, i whakawhenumitia ai te tū a te Māori ki ngā tikanga o Hawaii, o Tahiti o Rarotonga hoki.

Te whakangaio i te kapa haka

Ko tētahi atu take ongaonga ko te mahi moni i te kapa haka. Kua tīmata te whai  a Te Matatini i ngā tūāhua ngaio pērā i te whakaari o Arohanui. He whakaaturanga nui tēnei i tū ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara me Tāmaki-makaurau i te wā o te Ipu Whutupōro o te Ao i te tau 2011. Otirā ka mahi tahi ngā kaihaka me ngā kaiwhakaari i roto i tēnei whakaari i hangā mō ngā kaimātaki toi whakaari o te ao katoa.

Te matapopore i te kapa haka

E hia kē nei ngā rangahau ā-wānanga kua titiro ki te wāriu o te kapa haka ki te motu. E ai ki tētahi rangahau nā Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga i te tau 2022, ko tā te kapa haka he tuwhera i ngā tatau ki te Māori kia tū pakari ai rātou i roto i tō rātou māoritanga, i tō rātou ūkaipōtanga, he āheinga anō ki te mātauranga Māori. I kitea anō ko te whai wāhi atu o te Māori ki te tū hei Māori ahakoa te whāiti o tō rātou ahurea, i kitea hoki te whai oranga o te hapori Māori whānui.I tohe rātou, he mea rongoā, he mea waiora te kapa haka.2

Ki mua Whai muri: Whārangi 6. Hononga, rauemi nō waho Whai muri
Footnotes
  1. Takitaki Bradford Haami, Ka mau te wehi: Taking haka to the world: Bub & Nen’s story. Tāmaki Makaurau: Ngāpō and Pīmia Wehi Whānau Trust, 2013, p. 218. Back
  2. Linda Waimarie Nikora et al., The value of kapa haka: an overview report. Tāmaki Makaurau: Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga, 2022, p. 2. Back

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārang

Valance Smith, Kapa Haka – Te kapa haka o te rautau 21, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/kapa-haka/page-5 (accessed 4 June 2026).

He kōrero nā Valance Smith, i tāngia i te 26 May 2017, updated 23 October 2024.