Kōrero: Kapa Haka

Whārangi 5. Te kapa haka i ēnei rā

Ngā whakaahua me ngā rauemi katoa o tēnei kōrero

Ngā whakataetae puta noa i te motu

I te tau ruamano ko te kapa haka te waka hei pupuri i te reo me te ahurea Māori. Inā te huhua tangata ka tū ki te haka ki tēnā whaitua, ki tēnā taumāhekeheke puta noa i te motu.

Tāpiri atu ki Te Matatini, he mano anō ngā tāngata ka haere ki te mātaki i ngā taiopenga ā-rohe hoki. Mai anō i te tau 2000, e tū ana Te Ahurea Tino Rangatiratanga, arā, te whakataetae kapa haka mō ngā kura tuarua o Tāmaki-makaurau. Ko Te Mana Kuratahi te whakataetae ā-motu mō ngā kura tuatahi.

Ngā Māori o Ahitereiria ki Te Matatini

I hua ake Te Matatini i te Taiopenga o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa. I tēra o ngā taiopenga ka whai wāhi ngā iwi o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa. Nāwai ka noho te taiopenga ki te Māori anake. Heoi i te tau 2010 ka uru atu anō tētahi kapa nō tāwāhi ki Te Matatini, arā, ko Manawa Mai Tawhiti nō Perth i Ahitereiria. I hinga i a rātou ngā kapa e waru o Ahitereiria kia tae rātou ki Te Matatini.

Ngā hua mātauranga

He maha ngā hua mātauranga o te kapa haka. Tērā ko te pupuri me te whakatairanga i te reo me ngā tikanga Māori, tērā ko te whakamahinga o te mau rākau me te taonga puoro. Kua kite te hunga kaiako kāore i kō atu i te kapa haka hei ako i te pōwhiri, i te karakia me te whaikōrero. Kei roto i te kapa haka ngā akoranga e pā ana ki te whanaungatanga, te manaakitanga me te aroha, tae atu ki te mahi whakahere, mahi tito waiata me te whakakoi i te hinengaro.

E haere ana anō hoki te mahi kapa haka ki ngā whare wānanga.

Te kapa haka

I roto i te tekau tau 2000 he maha ngā whakahaerenga ā-motu ka tahuri ki te kapa haka hei whakatenatena i te hautoa o te takitahi me te takitini. Nā konei anō i āhei ai ngā Māori te kimi me te ako ko wai rātou. Ka mutu i roto i Te Taua Moana o Aotearoa me ako e ngā pia hou te haka o te taua moana. Ko Toi Whakaari te kura toi whakaari. I reira ākona ai te kapa haka ki ngā tauira o te tau tuatahi me te tau tuarua.

Te tukituki o te ao hou me te ao tawhito

E rerekē haere ana te kapa haka, ā, he rite tonu ngā tautohetohe a ngā kaipupuri tikanga me te hunga wairua auaha. Ko Te Rangihau tētahi i ū tonu ki ngā tikanga o tua whakarere. He tohunga mau rākau, he kākā tarahae hoki a Te Rangihau, kīhai tonu i whakaae ki te haka taparahi a te wahine. Arā anō hoki te momo pērā i a Ngāpō Wehi (nō Te Whakatōhea) i whakatenatena i te hunga wāhine kia haka. I te tau 1990 ka mau rākau ana wāhine, i kawa ai ētahi o te minenga.

Ngā haka o ēnei rā

I ēnei rā ka ruku atu ngā titonga waiata ki ngā kaupapa o mua, o muri hoki. Kua tuhi haka a Wehi e pā ana ki te ‘kōpaki pūtea’, ki te taikaha a ētahi Māori, ko ngā take hauora e pā ai ki te iwi Māori me te hokonga atu o ngā rawa a te motu. E ū tonu ana a Wehi ki tāna kōrero, ko te kaupapa o te haka he ōrite ki ngā wā o mua. ‘I ēnei rā kua kore ngā pakanga o mua, ā, kua ahu kē ki ngā pakanga o te ao tōrangapū.’1

Te tuakiri ā-iwi

He kaihaka, he kaiako, he kaitito, he kaiwhakawā haka hoki a Te Rita Papesch. Kua whakapuakina e ia tōna āwangawanga ki te ngaronga o te tuakiri ā-iwi i waenganui i ngā kapa haka o ēnei rā. I mua atu he mārakerake te kite atu nō hea tētahi i tōna mita, i ōna nekeneke me tōna tū. Heoi nō nātata nei i waimeha ai te tū, i whakawhenumitia ai te tū a te Māori ki ngā tikanga o Hawaii, o Tahiti me Rarotonga.

Te whakangaio i te kapa haka

Ko tētahi atu take ongaonga ko te mahi moni i te kapa haka. Kua tīmata te whai  a Te Matatini i ngā tūāhua ngaio pērā i te whakaari o Arohanui. He whakaaturanga nui tēnei i tū ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara me Tāmaki-makaurau i te wā o te Ipu Whutupōro o te Ao i te tau 2011. Otirā ka mahi tahi ngā kaihaka me ngā kaiwhakaari i roto i tēnei whakaari i hangā mō ngā kaimātaki toi whakaari o te ao katoa.

Kupu tāpiri
  1. Takitaki Bradford Haami, Ka mau te wehi: Taking haka to the world: Bub & Nen’s story. Tāmaki Makaurau: Ngāpō and Pīmia Wehi Whānau Trust, 2013, p. 218. Back
Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Valance Smith, 'Kapa Haka - Te kapa haka i ēnei rā', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/mi/kapa-haka/page-5 (accessed 24 April 2024)

He kōrero nā Valance Smith, i tāngia i te 22 Oct 2014, reviewed & revised 9 Feb 2023