Te kapa haka me te noho tāone
Mai i ngā tau 1930 ka mātotoru ake te noho tāone ā te iwi Māori. Ka whakatūria ngā kapa haka hei taura here mō ērā e noho manene ana ki ngā tāone. Ka haere tonu ngā kaupapa ki te kohi moni me te whakangahau tūruhi, engari ko tōna kaupapa matua ko te noho hei waka kawe i te reo Māori me ngā tikanga Māori.
He toa whakaihuwaka
I arataki a Ngāpō Wehi (Bub) nō Te Whakatōhea, Ngāi Tūhoe, Te Whānau-a-Apanui, Ngāpuhi nō Ngāti Kahu hoki, rāua ko Pimia (Nen) Wehi nō Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki, Rongowhakaata, Te Whakatōhea nō Te Whānau-a-Apanui hoki, i tō rāua kapa kia whakaihuwaka ki ngā whakataetae kapa haka maha o te motu – e rua ngā toanga o te kapa haka o Waihīrere, e whā mō te kapa ā-iwi o Te Waka Huia i Tāmaki. I whakakanohihia a Aotearoa e rātou ki ngā taiopenga e whā o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, ki ngā Taumāhekeheke o te Ao ki Seoul i te tau 1988, ka mutu ki te Whakataetae o Te Kotahitanga o Peretānia ki Wikitōria i Kānata i te tau 1994. Kia whai pūtea ai ōna kaihaka, tū ai a Te Waka Huia ki Tāmaki Paenga Hira mō te 14 tau.
Ngā kapa mātāwaka
Hāunga ngā kapa o mura, mai i te tau 1930 ka kitea te aranga mai o ngā kapa ā-iwi (nō ngā hau e whā). I te tau 1936 ka whakatūria te kapa haka o Ngāti Pōneke ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara. I te tau 1969 nā Pita Sharples i whakatū i Te Rōpū Manutaki ki Tāmakimakaurau. I tērā wā hoki ka hangaia e Kīngi Īhaka o Te Aupōuri te Karapu Māori o te Hāhi Mihinare Maōri o Tāmakimakaurau. Tōmua o ngā tau 1970 ka waihangatia Te Kotahitanga o Waitaha ki Ōtautahi. Arā tonu ngā kapa haka i puea ake i ngā iwi, pērā i te rōpū a Tuini Ngāwai (Ngāti Porou), a Te Hokowhitu-a-Tū, ki Tokomaru i te tau 1939, me te rōpū a Waihīrere ki Tūranga nā Wiremu (Bill) Kerekere (Te Aitanga-ā-Māhaki) i te tau 1951. I te takiwa o te 50 kaihaka pakeke i Aotearoa me Ahitereiria i te rau 2022.
Ngā rangi Pākehā
He rite tonu te waiata o ēnei kapa i ngā waiata whai rangi rongonui Pākehā, pērā i a ‘Que sera, sera’ me ‘Don’t be cruel’. Ahakoa he matatau katoa ēnei kaiako ki te reo me ngā waiata tawhito, ka whakamahia tonutia ngā rangi Pākehā kia tō mai i te rangatahi ki roto ki te ahurea Māori. Ko Tuini Ngāwai tētahi i whakamahi i ngā rangi Pākehā kia are ā-taringa mai te taiohi ki ngā tohutohu o āna waiata. Nāwai rā ka kīnakitia tētahi o ngā titonga a Ngoi Pēwhairangi, nō Ngāti Porou, nō Ngāti Koi ki te rangi ‘hip hop’ a Dalvanius Prime nō Tainui, Ngāpuhi, Ngāti Ruanui, Ngāti Tūwharetoa, Ngā Rauru, Pakakohi nō Ngāi Tahu. He mea whakangahau e te Karapu Māori o Pātea, huaina ai ko ‘Poi e’, i te tau 1983. Nā Pēwhairangi rāua ko Prime te reo Māori me te kapa haka i whakatairanga ki te tūmatawhānui, ko ngā whakamānawa ā te ao whānui i poho kererū ai a ngāi Aotearoa.
Te whakataetae ōkawa tuatahi
Nō te tipu haere o ngā kapa haka ā-rohe ka hua ake ngā whakataetae ōkawa ā-rohe, ā-motu hoki. He pai ake tēnei mahi i ngā pakanga ā-iwi i ngā rautau ki mua. I tū tētahi o ngā whakataetae tuatahi i te tau 1934 ki ngā whakanui mō Waitangi, i reira tukuna ai te taonga Terahi Rose Bowl ki te iwi i whakaihuwaka mō te waiata, te whaikōrero me te haka.
Te Hīra o Taumaunu
I muri tata i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao tīmata ai ngā whakataetae ā-rohe ki Tūranga. Mai i te tau 1953, ko te Hīra o Taumaunu te taonga whakaihuwaka, he tohu mahara ki te kaitito o Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti, ki a Karaitiana Taumaunu. He kaha te wairua whakataetae. I ngā wā parakitihi ka tukuna ngā pūrahorua ki te mātaki i ngā mahi a te hoariri.
Ko te haka ki te ao
I te tau 1963 e noho ana a Te Arohanui o Te Iwi Māori, e 150 ngā kaihaka o te kapa haka ki te pā o ngā Mōmona ki Kākaramea ki Kirikiriroa. Mai i reira ka rere atu rātou ki Laie ki Hawaii, ki te whakaoti i te hanganga o te kāinga Māori ki te Pūtahi Ahurea o Poronīhia. Kātahi ka tau atu te tira ki Karipōnia me Pā Tote, ki reira whakaatu atu i ā rātou haka ki te hōtaka makau o Amerika, arā, ko te Danny Kaye show. Nā te momoho o tērā haerenga, ka haere te Kamupene Māori o Aotearoa ki Amerika i ngā tau 1972-73 engari kāore i kake ki ngā taumata o tērā o ngā haerenga. I haereere hoki te te Karapu Māori o Pātea ki Amerika, i tū ki Irving Plaza, ki Disneyland mō te whakanui huringa 30 tau. E hia kē nei ngā kapa kua tū ki te Merrie Monarch Festival ki Hawaii, ki taiopenga ā-tau o Te Maeva Nui hoki ki Rarotonga.
Te taiopenga o Te Moan-a-nui-a-Kiwa
Nō te tau 1972, 13 ngā whakataetae ā-rohe. I tērā tau ka tū te Taiopenga o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki Whakarewarewa ki Rotorua, i kitea ai te taumāhekeheke o ngā toa ā-rohe o te motu. Ko te aronga tuatahi i tū ai ngā whakataetae ko te whakapakari i te taumata o te whakangahau tūruhi, engari ka ara ake ngā āwangawanga mō te whakarauora i te reo Māori me te ahurea Māori. Nō te tau 1983 ka panonitia te ingoa ki te Taiopenga Toi Whakaari Māori, ā, ka peia atu ngā iwi o ngā moutere.
Te Matatini
I te tau 2004 ka panoni anōtia te ingoa o te taiopenga ki Te Matatini. I tapaina te ingoa ‘matatini’ e Ahorangi Te Wharehuia Milroy, he kupu whakarite anō ki te hua mātinitini. Mai anō i tōna tīmatanga ko Te Matatini te taiopenga kapa haka nui a te Māori. Neke atu i te 1.4 miriona tāngata, te nuinga ā-matihiko, i mātaki atu i te Matatini ki te Ao, i tū ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara i te tau 2019. I āhei atu te hunga mātaki ki ngā whakapākehātanga ā-matawā nei o ngā mahi kapa haka. Neke atu i te 40 ngā kapa haka, i te takiwā o te 2,000 kaihaka i whai wāhi atu ki te whakataetae ā-motu, i whakaihuwaka i ō rātou whakataetae ā-rohe.
E ono ngā wāhanga ki ia rōpū – ko te whakaeke, ko te mōteatea, ko te poi, ko te waiata-ā-ringa, ko te haka, ko te whakawātea hoki. He kōwhiringa te waiata tira. Arā noa atu ngā wāhanga toa, arā, ko te manukura wahine, ko te manukura tāne, ko te kākahu, ko te kairangi o te reo, ko te titonga waiata hou hoki.
I te tau 2022, i whakanuia a Te Matatini i tōna huringa 50 tau mā te whakaputa i tētahi pukapuka me tētahi hōtaka ipurangi, hei whai atu i ngā kōpae e toru kapi katoa i ngā waiata nō ngā tau e tū ana te whakataetae. He mea ārahi e te kaitaki, e Rob Ruha (Te Whānau-ā-Apanui, Ngāti Porou), ko Te matatoa, he whakahounga o ngā waiata whakaihuwaka. Ko Te matakāinga, he whakahounga o tētahi waiata nō ngā rohe 13, ka mutu ko Te matakōkiri, he whakahounga o ētahi kohinga waiata rongonui.