Ka kitea he panonitanga ki ngā whakahaere a te Taraipiunara i te 21 rautau. Nō te koke whakamua o ngā take ā-rohe, ka huri te aronga ki ngā kerēme kaupapa, kerēme hou hoki. Hei āpiti ki ngā panonitanga hōtaka mahi, ka panoni hoki ngā whakahaere.
Te panonitanga hou
I te tau 2000, i te huritau 25 o te Taraipiunara o Waitangi, i whakatau te toihau hou, a Kaiwhakawā Joe Williams (Ngāti Pūkenga, Te Arawa) i tētahi ‘panonitanga hou’ kia whakaheke i te wā kia rongohia ngā kerēme. Mehemea ka whakaaetia ngā take ā ngā kaikerēme e te Karauna, ka tōmua te whakamōhio atu, kia pai ai te aro kau noa o ngā whakawātanga ki ngā take whakahē a ia pāti. Ko te tino pūtake o ngā mahi ā te taraipiunara ‘he tere whakatau i ngā nawe ā ngā kaikerēme me te Karauna, i roto i te ngākau tika’, hei tā Williams. 1 Ko te uiuinga tuatahi i raro i te panonitanga hou i roto o Tūranga-nui-a-Kiwa. I puta te rīpoata mō te uiuinga nei i te tau 2004.
Maranga ake ai
I a ia e ākonga ture ana i ngā tau 1980, he kaiwaiata, he kaiwhakatangi rakuraku matua a Joe Williams mō te pēne rekereke a Aotearoa. I te tau 1985 i rongonui te waiata a te pēne, arā, ko ‘Maranga ake ai’, he whakakipakipa i te rangatahi Māori kia maranga ake, kia manawa whakahī i roto i tō rātou tuakiritanga. I ōna wā i tū tonu a Williams i a ia hei kaiwhakawā mō te Taraipiunara o Waitangi, meake i a ia hei kaiwhakawā mō te Kōti Matua.
Te mutunga o ngā kerēme o mua
I te tau 2006 i whakaturengia te Treaty Amendment of Waitangi Act e te kāwanatanga o Reipa, he mea aukati i ngā kerēme hou o mua (arā, ko ngā take kua puta i mua i te 21 o Mahuru 1992) ki te taraipiunara. Mai i te 2 Mahuru 2008 i āhei noa te taraipiunara ki te rēhita i ngā kerēme hou e hāngai noa ana ki ngā take hou.
I pupū ake te riri a te tokomaha Māori, mea rawa ake ka waipukengia te taraipiunara e ngā kerēme. Neke atu i te 1,800 kerēme i tukuna ki te taraipiunarai i mua i te wā aukati, hipa noa ana i ngā kerēme 1,500 i rēhitatia i ngā tekau tau e toru o te orokotimatanga o te taraipiunara.
Ngā uiuinga ā-kaupapa
Ko te nuinga o ngā mahi ā te taraipiunara i ōna tīmatanga tekau tau, i aro ki te whakawā, ki te rīpoata hoki i ngā uiuinga kerēme o mua o ngā rohe. Nā tēnei i maha rawa te whakaputunga kerēme mā rātou hei whakawā, me te nuinga he kerēme nō nāianei. Tata mutu ana ngā toenga uiuinga ā-rohe e te taraipiunara, i huri tō rātou aro ki ērā atu kerēme.
I waenga i ērā kerēme, ko ētahi i hura i ētahi kaupapa nui e ōrite nei te pēhi kaha i te katoa o ngāi Māori. I whakakaohia ēnei kerēme ki raro i te tāhu kotahi, hei tāpiri ki te hōtaka uiuinga ā te taraipiunara, i tīmatahia i te 2015. I te 2025, 13 ngā uiuinga i te hōtaka nei, ā, e hangai ana ki ngā kaupapa huhua, pēnei i te hauora, ngā kāinga, te mātauranga, ngā hōia ika-ā-whiro, ngā whakahaere rawa taiao ā-motu, me te pūnaha ture.
He tukanga tikanga
I te tau 2010, i whakarewahia te hui Ngā Kōrero Tuku Iho e te taraipiunara mō te uiuinga o Te Rohe Pōtae. He huarahi ēnei hui, e whai wāhi atu ai ngā kaikerēme ki te whakatakoto ki mua i te aroaro o te taraipiunara, i ō rātou kōrero tuku iho ā-iwi, te hononga ki te whenua, ngā takapiringa hītori, ngā kawenga tikanga hoki. I muri iho i horapa ngā hui Ngā Kōrero Tuku Iho mō ngā uiuinga ā-rohe.
Ka auaha ake ngā kawenga uiuinga kaupapa, e ngāwari ai te whakawā me te rīpoata i ngā kerēme. Ko tā ngā wānanga e whakakotahi ai ngā pāti e rua o tētahi kerēme ki te āta ketuketu i ngā tikanga o tēnā, o tēnā, me te whakaae hoki ki te tikanga, ki ngā mātāpono hoki hei tūāpapamo te uiuinga. Ko ngā whakawātanga Tūāpapa te kawenga mō te wāhanga tuatahi o te uiuinga kaupapa Wāhine, e ako ai i ngā tikanga hāngai, i ngā āhuatanga o te wahine Māori i mua i te taenga mai o te Pākehā, e hua mai ai ngā mōriroriro a te Karauna hei mātai. Me te aha, kua kirimanahia he mātanga ture, tikanga hoki ki ngā uiuinga kaupapa e hia kē nei, hei taunaki i te taraipiunara ki te kawe i ngā uiuinga tukanga whai tikanga.
Nā ēnei auahatanga kitea ai he panonitanga ki ngā whakahaere ā te tetaraipiunara kia hāngai ake ai ngā uiuinga ki ngā mātāpono tikanga. Ko te whāinga kia kaua e ōkawa, e ture nei te hanga o ngā tukanga, ka mutu kia rite nei te kawenga ki ērā o runga i te marae. He hōkai whakamua tēnei ki te ara i parahia i te wā i whakaritea te tukanga tikanga-rua ā te taraipiunara i ngā tau 1980.
Te panoni whakaaro mō te taraipiunara
Ka tutū tonu te pūehu ki waenga i te marea mō te wāhi ki te taraipiunara me āna haepapa i ngā rautau 21. I ngā tau tōmua o ngā 2000, i tohea ngā kawenga hītori ā te taraipiunara ngā kaihītōria i. Ko ētahi – pēnei i a Bill Oliver – i tohe ko te hītori i puta i te taraipiunara he tohe onāianei kē, arā, ko te whakahāngai i ngā paerewa o ēnei rā i a rātou e whiriwhiri ana mehemea rānei i tūkinotia te Tiriti e te Karauna o mua.
Ahakoa i kitea ngā painga o te rīpoata i ngā kerēme o mua, me te matea nui ki te rongoā i ngā takahitanga tiriti, nā pōturi o ngā whakawātanga, o ngā rīpoata mō ērā momo kerēme, ka pupū ake te hēmanawatanga. Ko ētahi i te paehau matau, i tohe nā te pūnaha kerēme taraipiunara i hua mai ai te āhuatanga ‘rēra whai rawa’, e kī ai ngā pūkoro o ngā rōia, o ngā ihutū Māori rānei, ahakoa he whai hua, kāore rānei mō ngāi Māori. Ko Don Brash, rangatira o te Pāti Nahinara, i tohe i tāna kauhau weneraunga i te 2004, kua mōhiotia i ēnei rā ki te kauhau ‘Orewa’ e kōrero ana mō te tipu haere o te ‘rāngai nawe’ tiriti, me te whakahau kia kati ngā tatau o te taraipiunara kia whakatauhia katoatia ngā kerēme o mua.
Hei tā ētahi, ka tere tipu te tuwhena o ngā kitenga me ngā whakatau o te taraipiunara, me te whakawhānui hoki i āna haepapa, inarā ka tīmata te huri o te aronga mai i ngā kerēme o mua ki ngā mea o nāianei. Ki ētahi, kāore hoki rātou i te whakamahi tika i ōna mana, ahakoa iti, me te kore hoki anō i tuku whakataunga whai hua, mea rawa ake ka auautia te kōrero nō maimai, he taraipiunara ‘niho kore’ rātou. E ai ki te pūmātauranga, a Margaret Mutu, ko ngā taunakitanga mō ngā takahitanga tiriti kei tōna rīpoata, kei pōhēhē te tangata e tautoko ana te taraipiunara i a ngāi Māori, ahakoa te tika o te taunakitanga, he kaha ake te tautoko a te taraipiunara ki te Karauna.
Hei tā ētahi, he mahi whakataurite te mahi a te taraipiunara, i a ia e ngana ana te whakatau puretumu e tika ana mō ngā mōriroriro tiriti, e kore e tū ai ngā pewa a ngā kaitōrangapū, a te tūmatawhānui rānei. Mai i te 1988, te tau i riro i te taraipiunara ngā mana paihere ki te whakatau i te whakahoki i ētahi whenua ki ngā kaikerēme, kāwanatanga atu, kāwanatanga mai, kua whakawehia te taraipiunara e ngā minita kia whakahekea ngā mana, kia poroa rānei te taraipiunara
Ngā kerēme me ngā rīpoata tohu nui
Te Kaupapa Here Takutai Moana (2004): I te tīmatanga o 2004, i whakahaerehia he uiuinga kōhukihuki e te taraipiunara e titiro ana ki te kaupapa here weneraunga i marohitia e te kāwanatanga Reipa, arā, kia whakareia te mana whakahaere o te takutai moana ki ngā ringa o te Karauna. I waihangahia te kaupapa here nei, i muri i te whakataunga a te Kōti Pīra e mea ana kei te Kōti Whenua Māori te mana ki te whakatau mēnā rānei he mana ā-tai tō ngāi Māori ki te takutai me te papa moana. Ahakoa ngā kitenga ā te taraipiunara i te takahi te te tiriti e taua kaupapa here, me te whakatau hoki kia mahi tahi te kāwanatanga ki a ngāi Māori kia kitea he rongoā, nā wai, nā wai, i te paunga o te tau rā, ka whakaturengia kia riro i te kāwanatanga te rangatiratanga o te takutai me te papa moana, nā konā tīmatahia ai te Māori Pāti (tāria te wā, panoni ai ki Te Pāti Māori).
Wai 262 (2011): Mōhiotia whānuitia te kerēme ki ‘ngā kīrehe me ngā tipu’ ki te ‘mana whakairo hinengaro’ rānei, i komoa te kerēme i te tau 1991 e ngā kaikerēme e ono, hei whakakanohi i ō rātou ake iwi. I tīmatahia ngā whakawātanga e te taraipiunara i te 1997, ā, i puta i a rātou te kerēme whakamutunga, arā, Ko Aotearoa tēnei, i te 2011. Koinei te uiuinga tuatahi i puta i te katoa o te rāngai kāwanatanga, i whāia kia arotakengia kei a wai te mana whakahaere o te mātauranga Māori. Mātua mai, i whakatau te taraipiunara ko te matapae a te tiriti kia mahi tahi te Māori ki te Karauna, ā, ko tā te Karauna he kāwana, heoi ka mau tonu te Māori i te tino rangatiratanga o ā rātou taonga. Nā konā te taraipiunara i whakatau kia panonihia ngā ture, ngā kaupapa here, ngā whakahaere hoki, kia whakaū i ngā oati i matapaetia ki te tiriti.
Te Paparahi o te Raki wāhanga tuatahi (2014): He ritenga kore te wāhanga tuatahi o te rīpoata a te taraipiunara mō ngā kerēme o te Taitokerau, i te mea i arotakengia ngā takanga i mua i te 1840, inarā te tikanga me te mana o te tiriti. I pūmau ngā kaikerēme ki ngā kōrero e kīia ana, kāore o rātou tīpuna i tuku i tō rātou tino rangatiratanga i te hainatanga o te tiriti. I whakaae atu te taraipiunara, me te whakatau anō, ko ngā rangatira i haina i te tiriti i te whakaae kē ki tētahi whakaaetanga mana tau utuutu, arā, ko tā ngā rangatira he whakahaere i ō rātou ake tāngata, kaupapa hoki, ā, ko tā te Karauna he whakahaere i ō rātou ake kirinoho Peretania.
Hauora (2019): Āpiti ki te uiuinga kaupapa Ratonga Hauora me ngā Hua, i puta i te taraipiunara te rīpoata Hauora, e arotake ana i ngā kerēme e mea ana kāore te ture me ngā anga kaupapa here o te pūnaha hauora matua e whakaratoa ana he hauora rite tahi mō te Māori. Ko tētahi o ngā whakataunga i te rīpoata, ko te whakamānutanga o Te Aka Whai Ora (te Mana Whakahaere Hauora Māori) i te tau 2022. Ko tā tērā hinonga ā-waho, ko te para i te huarahi e tutuki ai ngā matea o ngāi Māori i roto i te pūnaha hauora. I poroa te mana whakahaere rangitahi rā i te tau 2024, e te kāwanatanga Nāhinara hou.
He Rongoā mō Mangatū (2021): Whai atu ana i tētahi uiuinga kōhukihuki, i whakamahia te taraipiunara i ōna mana paihere kia whakahokia ngā whenua e kīia ana ko Managatū State Forest ki te Māori. Hei whai atu i taua whakataunga, ko te rīpoata 2004 o te iwi i puta, e hāngai ana ki ngā kerēme o mua kei te rohe o Tūranga-nui-a-Kiwa. I taua rīpoata, i kitea te taraipiunara i ngā takahitanga a te Karauna i te tiriti, i te tau 1961 i tā rātou whai i te mana whakahaere o te whenua mai i te mana whakahaere Māori, rokohanga ka mōhiotia te whenua rā hei wāhanga o te Mangatū State Forest. Kāore he whakataunga puretumu i taua rīpoata. Heoi, nā ētahi arotake whakawākanga, i āia te taraipiunara ki te whakaū i tētahi whakataunga paihere.