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Kōrero: Mahuta, Tūmate

Whārangi 1: Haurongo

Mahuta, Tūmate

1893?–1938

Nō Ngāti Mahuta; he kaihautū nō te Kīngitanga, he kaiwhiriwhiri

I tuhia tēnei haurongo e Angela Ballara, ā, i tāngia tuatahitia ki Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau i te 1998. He mea whakamāori nā Ngā Tangata Taumata Rau.

Ko te āhua nei, nō Hūrae o te tau 1893 a Tūmate Mahuta i whānau ai ki Waahi Pā e tata atu rā ki Rāhui Pōkeka (Huntly). Ko te tama tuatoru ia o ngā tama ora kau iho a Mahuta, te Kīngi Māori tuatoru rāua ko tōna hoa wahine, ko Te Marae. Ko ngā tuākana ake o Tūmate Mahuta ko Te Rata, te Kīngi tuawhā, me Taipū, nō te tau 1924 tēnei i mate ai. Arā atu hoki ōna tāina, ko Tonga rāua ko Te Rauangaanga. He paku noa ngā kōrero e mōhiotia ana mō ngā tamariki a Mahuta i te wā e tupu ake ana. Hoi anō i tupu tonu ake rātou i raro i te ātārangi o ō rātou pakeke, ka rongo nei rātou i ngā kōrero tawhito mō te waka o Tainui me te kaupapa o te Kīngitanga, he mea tohutohu, kōrero tonu mai rā i runga i te marae. I kuraina a Tūmate i te kura tuatahi o Māngere whaka-te-tonga o Manukau (Māngere Bridge), ā, nō te tau 1907, i mutu ai tana kura i reira; whāia nō muri mai, ka haere ia ki te kura o Rāhui Pōkeka atu i te tau 1907 ki 1909. I pau hoki tētehi wā ōna ki te Kāreti o Te Aute, ā, tērā pea i kuraina anō ia ki Ākarana (Auckland), ki Tīpene (St Stephen's Native Boys' School). Nō mua i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, ka taumautia te taina o Te Puea Hērangi, a Te Ātarua (Piri) Hērangi hei wahine māna; hei tuahine tūranga whānau nei a Te Puea ki a ia. Kotahi tā rāua tamaiti, he tama, ēngari e kōhungahunga tonu ana ka mate. Ko ōna tāina he mea māpere kia haere ki te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, ēngari ko ia, kāre kau.

I te wā i a Te Rata e Kīngi ana, he auau tonu te tū a Tūmate hei kanohi mō tana tuakana. I pērā hoki i tētehi hui whakaharahara i te tau 1928, i te taenga atu o te Kāwana Tianara, o Tā Taare Whēkihana (Charles Fergusson) ki Ngāruawāhia, kore rawa te Kīngi i whakaae ki te haere ki te whakatau atu. Nō ngā tau tōmuri o te tekau tau atu i 1920, i kaingākau ia ki te tūranga mema mō Te Tai Hauāuru; hoi anō, nā te tangata ia i whakawhere ki te waiho kē ko Te Tāite Te Tomo hei taua i te tūranga o Māui Pōmare. Nā runga i ngā tohutohu a Te Puea rāua ko Apirana Ngata, ka noho tahi rātou ko ōna tuākana, i ngā tau tōmua o te tekau tau mai i 1930, ki te whakahaere i ētehi kaupapa ahu whenua i runga i ō rātou whenua.

E whā tekau pea te pakeke o Tūmate i te wā i mate ai a Te Rata i te 1 o Oketopa i te tau 1933. Kātahi anō nei ka tīmata te ara ake o tōna māia hei poutoko mō te Kīngitanga. Ki te whakaaro o Ngata he tangata hao a Tūmate, tērā pea raru noa i a ia te tautaua; kāore i te nui ngā kōrero tautoko i te whakaaro i hiahia a Tūmate kia tū hei kīngi. Kāti, whakawahia ana ko tana irāmutu, ko Korokī (te tama a Te Rata) hei Kīngi. Mai i ngā rā tuatahi o te Kīngi Māori hou, i taupiri ai te noho a Tūmate rāua ko tōna taina, ko Tonga me tō rāua pāpā kēkē, me Haunui Tāwhiao hei kāhui tautiaki, kāhui kaiako pono i te Kīngi taitama nei. I te tau 1933, 1934 rānei, ahakoa te haere a Korokī ki hea, i haere tonu ōna mātua kēkē i tōna taha.

Nō te tau 1933 pea i riro nā Tūmate i hautū te rōpū nei te Rangatahi, nā Pei Te Hurinui i whakatū. I whakamātau te rōpū nei ki te whakarite i ngā moni kāpeneheihana i oatihia e te kāwanatanga mō ngā whenua raupatu o Waikato, e tārewa tonu ana ka mutu nei te rīpoata a te kōmihana a Te Hīmi (W. A. Sim) i te tau 1927. Uaua ana te taha ki a Tūmate. Hāunga anō te kore i tika o te moni £3,000 e meinga ana kia utua ia tau ki te whakaaro o ngā iwi katoa o Waikato me te Kīngitanga, ko te mea kē, he kōrero kē tā tēnā, he kōrero kē tā tēnā mō te momo kāpeneheihana tōtika ake hei utu mai mā te kāwanatanga. Ki tā ētehi o te hunga tūpatopato, ko te whakahoki kē mai i ngā whenua i riro rā i te raupatu te mea tika, kāre i kō atu, kāre i kō mai; ko tā Tūmate rātou ko tana rōpū Rangatahi, e rata kē ana rātou kia waiho mā te moni hei whakarite. Kāore, e ngana kē ana te kāwanatanga kia mau te kāpeneheihana ki tōna tino iti ka taea.

Nō te 13 o Hepetema i te tau 1935, i tae ai a Tūmate rātou ko Pei Te Hurinui, ko Te Tāite Te Tomo ki Te Ūpoko-o-te-Ika ki te uiui i te Pirimia, i a Te Whōpi (George Forbes) rāua ko Te Kōti (Gordon Coates) te Minita tiaki i ngā pūtea moni a te kāwanatanga. Ko te whakamātau a te kāwanatanga he tuku mai i tētehi tahua kotahi, £100,000 te nui, ka mutu, kia riro ai mā tētehi poari kaitiaki e whakahaere. Kātahi a Tūmate ka tono i te kāwanatanga kia whakamārama mai, nā te aha i pērā rawa te kaha iti o te utu kāpeneheihana. Ki tā Tūmate, kia £250,000 kē te moni hei homai mā te kāwanatanga, kia kotahi tonu te utu; me ka kore i tērā, me whakarite kia £7,500 te utu ia tau, ia tau. Ki te whakamāramatanga a Te Kōti, e kore tēnei āhuatanga e pai ki a ia, tukua kētia ana e ia he pukapuka e whakamārama mai ana i te whakaaro o te kāwanatanga.

Ko te mea kē hoki, ko te whakaaro kaupare o Tūmate, kāore anō kia tata atu ki te utu tika. Nā runga i ngā tatauranga a David Smith, te rōia mō Waikato i te wā o te kōmihana a Te Hīmi, ka kitea £358,666 kē te wāriu o te whenua kāre anō kia whakahokia mai, kia utua rānei te kāpeneheihana. Kua whakataua kētia e Waikato, kāre te moni i whakaarohia e rātou e heke iho i te wāriu o te whenua, ā, me e whakaritea ana he utu ā-tau, me nuku atu te utu mō ia tau i te £10,000.

Kāre anō a Tūmate kia tau noa ki Te Ūpoko-o-te-Ika, ka tae atu tētehi reta tautohe ki te Pirimia a Tarapīpipi Taingākawa Tāmehana Te Waharoa, te kaiwhakawahi kīngi tuatoru. Ko tāna i tono ai – waihoki pea he wā anō i tautokona ai e Tūmate rāua ko Haunui Tāwhiao – i riro whenua atu, me hoki whenua mai, ā, me he moni ka utua mai e te kāwanatanga, koirā hei whakarite mō ā rātou mahi kōhuru tangata, tūkino taonga. Ko tāna, ko tā te Tumuaki o te Kīngitanga Māori, whēnā he kaupapa kē tā Tūmate e rerekē ana i tāna, e kore rawa ia e whakaae.

I roto i ngā toru tau e ngana ana a Tūmate ki te whakatatū i te take nei, e haere tahi tonu ana ngā tautohe pērā i tērā rā, āpiti atu hoki ki ngā tautohe mai anō a ētehi o ngā iwi, ko ō rātou kanohi anō ka tika kia noho i te paepae whakahaere i te kaupapa nei. Ēngari rā, tērā ake anō tōna rahi e tautoko ana i a ia, anā kē atu te kōmārohi me te pai. He wā anō i tuhi ai a Haunui Tāwhiao rāua ko Te Puea Hērangi ki te whakaū i te tūranga o Tūmate hei kaiwhiriwhiri matua. Mutu kau ake ana he wāhanga whiriwhiri, kātahi ka hui ki Ngāruawāhia, ki Waahi rānei, ā, i a Tūmate e whakamārama mai ana i te pēhea te haere o ngā mahi, ka tautokona anō ia i tōna tūranga kaiwhiriwhiri matua. Ko tōna hoa āwhina tonu anō i a ia ko Pei Te Hurinui.

Nō Oketopa o te tau 1935, a Tūmate i tae anō ai ki Te Ūpoko-o-te-Ika. Ā, kāti hoki, nō te 7 o Oketopa, i whakawhitiwhiti reta ai rāua ko te Pirimia. Ina koa tā Te Whōpi i tāpae ai, ka tīmata atu i te 1 o Āperira i te tau 1936 te utua o te moni £5,000 ia tau. Ēngari mehemea te hiahia o te kāwanatanga kia utua katoatia te tahua pū £100,000, kei te kāwanatanga te tikanga o tōna wā i hiahia ai. Ko te whakahoki a Tūmate, ka nui tana pai ki tērā, mō tēnei wā noa iho nei; ēngari, me noho tonu te tikanga a te iwi, a te Kīngitanga rānei ki te whakamātautau anō kia eke rawa ki te £358,666 te moni kāpeneheihana, ka utua kātahi ka mutu ai. Ko tāna mō āianei, me mahue noa te whakaatu o te tahua moni £100,000 kia kaua e whakaurua ki te utu whakamutunga. Takoto ana te oati a Te Whōpi ki te whakahoki atu i tēnei whakarite a rāua ki te rūnanga matua o te kāwanatanga. Aoake i te 8 o Oketopa, ka whakaae a Te Whōpi ka mana tonu te toha mai a te kāwanatanga, kia waihotia te tahua moni, ā, nō muri i te whakataunga ko tēnei he mea me kōrero anō.

Nō te aranga ake anō o ngā whakawhitiwhiti, tīmata kē ake ana i raro i te kāwanatanga hou a te Rōpū Reipa i Hānuere o te tau 1936. Nā runga i ngā whakaatu mai a te Tari Māori, i kī ai te kāwanatanga hou, kāre anō kia tatū noa te take nei. Noho ake ana a Tūmate me tōna iwi, me Waikato i runga i te whakaaro kua whakaae noatia atu e rātou te tāpaehanga mai a te kāwanatanga, hāunga te tikanga anō hoki ki te whakapiki ake anō i te tahua moni nei kia £358,666 te nui. Noho māia ana a Tūmate, noho tatari ana kia tae ake te £5,000 a te kāwanatanga i te 1 o Āperira 1936. Nō ngā rā whakamutunga o Mei, i tono anō te kāwanatanga kia tīmataria anō ngā whiriwhiri. Nō Hune i tukua ai te whakahoki a Tūmate, me te āta whakamōhio atu i ngā raru e pā ana ki a ia, i a ia e kimi whakatatūtanga ana e hāngai ana ki te whakaaro o te iwi, ā, e kore ai hoki tōna whānau e whiua ki te kōrero ko te whakatatūtanga i taea e ia kāore i pērā rawa te pai.

Kāore he mea nui i tutuki i te tau 1936, ko te whakamātau anake kia tae atu te Pirimia, a Te Hāwiti (M. J. Savage) ki Ngāruawāhia; ehara, nō Maehe o te tau 1937, ka tae atu te Pirimia. Kia tino kite ai ērā o te Kīngitanga e uaua ana te whakapono ki tāna i whakaaro ai kua eke ki te wā me āta whakatau me aha, ka tū ake a Tūmate i te aroaro o te iwi ka tono ki a Te Hāwiti kia whakatatūhia te take ki te £358,666, ki te £10,750 rānei i te tau. I te whakautu a Te Hāwiti, kāore e paku rite te whakaaro o tōna kāwanatanga ki te whakaaro o tērā o mua, me tana oati anō hoki kia whakatūria he taraipiunara hei whakatutuki i te take nei.

Nō te 15 o Pēpuere i te tau 1938, ka karangatia he hui ki Te Ūpoko-o-te-Ika. I roto i taua wā anō, whiuwhiua ana a Tūmate e ētehi, e tono ana kia toha takitahitia ngā moni kāpeneheihana, toha ā-iwi kētia rānei. Atu i Noema o te tau 1937, i werowerohia anō hoki te Kāhui Ariki e Tarapīpipi rāua ko Marae Erueti (Edwards), mō ngā kaiwhiriwhiri nā rātou i whakatū. Nō te rā o te hui, i patua atu ai e Tarapīpipi tāna waea e kī ana kāore rāua ko Korokī e whakaae ki te mana o aua kaiwhiriwhiri me te kī atu hoki, me ka oti ana he whakatau hore kau rawa rāua e whakaae.

Mārama ana te whakatakoto a Pei Te Hurinui i ngā whakaaro o Tūmate ki mua i te aroaro o te hui. Nā ngā kōrero ka kitea, e hia kē nei ngā pūtea i whiriwhiria hei kāpeneheihana. Ko tā Tūmate, āhei tonu te take nei kia kōrerotia anō ā tōna wā. Mea rawa ake ka whakaae a Tūmate, ahakoa te whakaritenga me haere tonu te utu ā-tau o te £5,000. Kāti, nō te mutunga o te hui, arā atu anō ngā take kāre anō kia whakataua.

Kāre i roa i muri i tōna hokinga ki Waikato ka pāngia a Tūmate e te mate, he hēmanawa nōna ki te whawhai i runga i ngā pae o te riri e rua ka tahi, me te pā pōuri ōna ki te mahi nanakia a ētehi ki te whakawhawhai i a rāua ko Korokī. Nō te kitenga kua tīmata tana whakahemohemo, i haria ia ki te whare kaponga porowhita i Tūrangawaewae ki te taha o Te Puea me te whānau nui tonu, whakapau ai i ōna rā whakamutunga. Nō te 29 o Āperira o te tau 1938, i mate ia ki reira. Riro ana ko ia tonu te tuatahi o ngā pakeke o te Kāhui Ariki i tangihia ki Ngāruawāhia; nōna e takoto ana, ka tae atu a Te Arawa ki te kohete i a Waikato me te Tumuaki i runga i te whakapae, nā rātou a Tūmate i mate ai. Nō te 8 o Mei ka nehua a Tūmate ki runga o Taupiri Maunga.

Ka ngaro nei te kaiwhakahaere matua o te kerēme a Waikato, tārewa noa ana te take nei; taka rawa mai ki te tau 1946, kātahi anō ka whakahaerea anō. Ko te kaupapa i whakaaetia e Tūmate i te tau 1938, he mea whakatika ake anō hei whakakapi mai i 1936 ki 1946, mea rawa ake ko tēnei te whakatatūtanga i tutuki. Whakaīngoatia ana e ngā rōpū katoa te īngoa o Tūmate hei whakatau i tā rātau whakaaetanga. Nāwai rā pū ana te tumanako o Tūmate ka whakaarahia ake anō te take nei, i te whakatatūnga anō o te tau 1995, ka oti nei te whakamana a te ture whakatau kerēme i ngā whenua raupatu o Waikato (Waikato Raupatu Claims Settlement Act).

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Angela Ballara. 'Mahuta, Tūmate', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1998. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/4m29/mahuta-tumate (accessed 19 March 2024)