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Kōrero: Ngā rōpū tautohetohe – Māori protest movements

Whārangi 3: Ngā mautohe whenua

Ngā mautohe whenua o mua

Mai anō i ngā tau o te 1800 e whakamau tohe ana te Māori ki ōna whenua. Ko ngā petihana ērā, ko ngā noho whenua ērā, ko te tūkino pou rūri tērā. Kātahi ka waihanga ko ngā haumī ā-iwi i te Kīngitanga me te Kotahitanga. Arā anō te rōpū kotahitanga i hangā i Te Matau-a-Māui hai whakataringa mō ngā hoko whenua mūrere, kanene hoki.

Te hīkoi whenua o te tau 1975

I te tau 1975 ka rewa ake te hīkoi whenua mai noa i Te Hāpua ki te hiku o te ika tae rawa ki te whare paremata. Ko te whenua te ito. Nā te akamatua tuatahi o te Rōpū Wāhine Māori nā Whina Cooper i takitaki whenua te hīkoi, otiia i raro i te maru o te Rōpū o te Matakite. Anō te rite o tēnei hīkoi ki tērā o ngā Iniana o Amerika, arā te Trail of Broken Treaties i tū ki Amerika i te tau 1972. Eaoia ko te whakamīharotanga pea o te hīkoi ko te kotahitanga mai o ngā whakahaerenga a te Māori, pēnei i te Kīngitanga, te Kaunihera Māori, Ngā Tamatoa, te Rōpū Wāhine Māori, me ētahi anō i urupū.

Nō te 14 o Mahuru (te rangi o te reo Māori) ka mawehe te hīkoi i Te Hāpua. Nā Whina Cooper i huataki ake, me te haere kōtui i te taha o tana mokopuna a Irene. I te 13 o Oketopa 1975 ka tau iho te waitaua ki te tauparenga o te whare paremata. I whakaritea te kirihipi tikanga, ka hainatia e te 60,000 tāngata, ā, ka tukua ki te pirimia, ki a Bill Rowling. Ko te kaupapa o te kirihipi ko te whakakore i ngā ture tango whenua me te rāhui i te whenua Māori mō ake tonu atu. Ka kī a Rowling ka whakaratangia e ia ngā raruraru, engari kāore i rata ētahi o te rōpū mautohe. Ka whakatūria e te rōpū 60 tētahi kāinga māngai i te Whare Mīere, ā, ka noho i reira.

Takaparawhau 

I ngā tau o te 1977-78 ka ārahi a Joe Hawke i te noho a te Māori Action Group ki Takaparawhā mō ngā rangi e 506. I tōna wā he mea tāpui ēnei whenua mō te kore hoko, engari nāwai ka wetewetekina te mana whenua o Ngāti Whātua. E 800 ngā pirihimana i mauhere i ngā kaimautohe e 200. Ka noho ka noho kātahi ka tāmokohia te kirimana tiriti, ā, ka whakahokia a Takaparawhā ki te ahi kā ki a Ngāti Whātua.

Te papa hahaupōro o Whāingaroa

I te tekau tau 1970 ko te papa hahaupōro o Whāingaroa te ito o ngā rīriri. Nō te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao ka tīnaohia taua whenua mō ngā mahi waka tauā rere. I te mutunga o te pakanga kāore ngā whenua i whakahokia – ā, ka hangaia te papa hahaupōro tūmatawhānui. Ko Eva Rickard te kaikōkiri i te urupare a te iwi, ā, i mauheretia ia me ōna tāngata i te rua tuaiwa o te papa. Nāwai ka whakahokia taua whenua.

Te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti

Ko tētahi hua i ngā porotēhi ko te waihanganga o te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi i te tau 1975. I tōna tīmatanga kia kaua te taraipiunara e mātai ki ngā take o mua. Engari i te tau 1985 ka whakaturea tōna hanga kia tirohia anōtia ngā whatinga ture o te tiriti mai anō i te tau 1840. Nā tēnei panoni pea i tāmōmō ai te taikaha o ētahi porotēhi take whenua.

Pākaitore

Mai i te Pēpuere ki te Mei o te tau 1995 ka hikaia te ahi ki Pākaitore (ko Moutoa Gardens te ingoa Pākehā), arā te wāhi kei reira te whare kōti o Whanganui. Ko te koronga kia tutuki pai katoa tō rātou kokoraho. Nāwai ka tau te whakaaetanga i waenganui i ngā taha e toru, arā te iwi, te kāwanatanga me te kaunihera. Ko te whakatūnga tērā o te Pākaitore Trust ki te whakahaere i te whare kōti me te whenua.

Ngāwhā me Te Kurī a Pāoa

I te tau 2002 ko te noho ki Ngāwhā, i te Tai Tokerau mō te whakahē i te hanganga o tētahi whare herehere. E ai ki te iwi o reira he wāhi tapu, inā rā hai reira te rua o te taniwha ko Taukere te ingoa. Hāunga tonu te noho, ka whakatū tonutia te whare herehere.

Ko te hokotanga atu o Te Kurī a Pāoa ki rāwāhi tētahi take ongaonga ki te mana whenua ki a Ngāi Tāmanuhiri. Nāwai i runga i ngā whakatau me te kaihoko ka huaina tērā wāhi he whenua rāhui ā-motu.

Ihumātao

Ko Ihumātao tērā i te tau 2016, i mōhiotia tuatahitia ki te ingoa Te Ihu-o-Mataoho, kei te wahapū o Manukau, e pātata ana ki tētahi whenua mātai tawhito ko Ōtuataua Stonefields Historic Reserve. Hokona atu te whenua rā ki tētahi kaiwhakaahu hei whakatū whakataunga kāinga rahi. I raupatuhia te whenua nei i ngā kaiwhiwhi, e te Karauna i te tau tekau o 1860, āpiti atu hoki ko ngā whenua o Tāmaki ki te tonga, o Waikato hoki, nō muri mai i ngā Pakanga o Aotearoa.

Nā te rōpū mautohe a SOUL (Save Our Unique Landscape) te nohonga whenua i whakarite, ko te kaikōkiri, he ākonga rōia rangatahi, ko Pania Newton (Ngāpuhi, Te Rarawa, Waikato, Ngāti Mahuta), ka toru tau rātou ko ā rātou kaitautoko maha ka noho whenua. I tohe rātou kia tiakina te whenua mai i te whakataunga kāinga, kia whakahokia te whenua ki te Māori, ahakoa te hiahia o ētahi mana whenua kia tutuki tonu te whakataunga kāinga. Ko te tau 2019, te taihuringa o te mautohe, nā te tukitukinga ki ngā pirīhimana, nā ngā mautohe i puea mai i tāone kē, ka mutu nā te taenga mai o te Kīngi Māori a Te Arikinui Tūheitia Paki, nāna i tuku tāpaetanga mā te Kīngitanga ngā kōrero whakataunga i waenga i te Karauna e pīkau. I te 2020, i puta i te kāwanatanga kua hokona te whenua i Fletcher Building, mutunga iho i whakaritea he Pūmautanga ki waenganui i te Kīngitanga, te Karauna me te Kaunihera o Tāmakimakaurau ki te mahi tahi hei whakatau i te ara whakamua mō te whenua.

Ki mua Whai muri: Whārangi 4. Rugby and South Africa Whai muri

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārang

Basil Keane, Ngā rōpū tautohetohe – Māori protest movements – Ngā mautohe whenua, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/nga-ropu-tautohetohe/page-3 (accessed 24 June 2026).

He kōrero nā Basil Keane, i tāngia i te 19 March 2014, updated 11 January 2023.