Kōrero: Ngā hāhi

Whārangi 4. Te Hāhi Perehipitiriana

Ngā whakaahua me ngā rauemi katoa o tēnei kōrero

He hāhi tāngata whai

I puea ake te hāhi Perehipitiriana hei hāhi mō ngā tāngata whai o Kotirana, engari taro kau iho tōna kawea e ngā hapori Māori. Ko te tangata nānā te hāhi i whakaū, a John MacFarlane; he mea ako ki te reo nōna e whakawhiti mai ana i Karahako. I muri i tōna taenga mai ka rere āna heitara mō te Kamupene Niu Tīreni mō te kore whakataha ōna i ngā whenua whakatekau i oatitia ki te rohe o Te Whanganui-a-Tara. Kīhai i momoho ngā mīhana a te hāhi ki roto o te Māori ā tae noa ki te tau 1895 i te toronga o James Fletcher ki roto o Ngāti Tūwharetoa ki Taupō. Mai i konei ka horapa atu ki Nūhaka ki te raki o Te Matau-a-Māui.

Ko Hihita me Hoani

Ko Rīkona Hihita (Annie Henry) he mihinare Perehipitiriana o Murihiku i tae ia ki roto o Ruatāhuna me Te Urewera i te tau 1917, ā, noho rawa ia ki reira mō te 32 tau. Ka pūmau tana noho i konei, ā, ka tū hei tumuaki o te Karapū Whutupaoro o Ruatāhuna. Ka tapaina ia ko Hihita e te iwi. Ko tōna hoa mīhana Pākehā nō Orkney, takiwā ki Kotirana, a Hoani (John Laughton) ka whakatū i tōna whare mīhana me te kura ki Maungapōhatu i te tau 1918. I whakahau a Hoani i te rongopai puta noa i Te Urewera tae atu ki Taupō. Nō muri mai mōhiotia ia he tautōhito ki te reo Māori.

Mīhana Māori

Mai i ngā tau tōmua o te rautau 1900 ka riro te nuinga o ngā mīhana Māori ki te rīkona pērā i a Hihita. I aropū rātou me ō rātou kāhui ki te whakatū kura ki ngā hapori iti pērā i Ruatāhuna ki Maungapōhatu, huri noa ki Waiōhau, mawhiti atu ki Matahī, ki Te Waimana me Kawerau. He nui anō ngā mahi toko i te ora a ngā rīkona wāhine ki Nūhaka hoki. I tua atu i ngā rīkona wāhine me Hoani i roto o Te Urewera; ko te whakataputanga i 1931 o Timu Teoke te Māori tuatahi hei minita mō te hāhi Perehipitiriana.

Ka hono anō a Hoani ki a Rua Kēnana, i whai hono anō ai te Perehipitiriana ki te hāhi o Rua, arā ngā Iharaira me te Ringatū, arā te hāhi a te poropiti a Te Kooti. I te tau 1936 ka tonoa a Hoani hei kaiwhakarite mō ngā mīhana Māori o te hāhi. Taihoa ake i te tau 1956 ka tipu ake taua rāngai hei hīnota.

Ngā hāhi i muri i te pakanga

I te tau 1945 ka karanga ake a Hēmi Pōtatau (te kaiwhakahaere Māori tuatahi o te hīnota Māori) kia whai tūranga hoki te Māori ki ngā tūnga rangatira o te hāhi Perehipitiriana. Nō te tau 1947 ka whakatuwheratia a Te Maungarongo ki Ōhope kei Te Moana-a-Toi, hei marae hoki mō ngā Māori o te hāhi. Ka whakapau kaha anō te hāhi ki ngā Māori e noho taone ana. E whā ngā whare noho ka waihangatia e te hāhi ki Tāmaki-makaurau i ngā tau 1960 hei taituarā i te rangatahi Māori o te hāhi ka maunu i te wā kāinga. Ka tautokohia rātou i roto i te ao kikokiko me te taha wairua. Nō te tau 1961 ka whakaputa te hīnota Māori o te Hāhi Perehipitiriana i te tuhinga o A Maori view of the Hunn report. Kei roto ka tātāhia te huarahi e paraia ana e te kāwanatanga mō ōna kaupapa Māori, me te whakarangatira ake o ngā Pākehā o roto o te hāhi.

Ngā rōpū hōu

Ka whakatūhia a Te Wananga a Rangi hei kura ako i ngā mātauranga whakapono e hāngai ana ki te Māori. Ka tipu ake anō ngā minita hou, arā ngā Amorangi ki te tautoko i ngā hapori Māori, ara he minita tūao katoa. He whanaketanga ēnei hei whakatairanga ake i te mana Māori i roto i te huarahi hōu i takahia e te Hāhi Perehipitiriana Māori. I te tau 2006, neke atu i te 5 ōrau o ngā mema o te Hāhi Perehipitiriana he Māori.

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Hirini Kaa, 'Ngā hāhi - Te Hāhi Perehipitiriana', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/mi/nga-hahi/page-4 (accessed 20 April 2024)

He kōrero nā Hirini Kaa, i tāngia i te 5 May 2011, updated 1 Mar 2017