Kōrero: Hītori

Whārangi 1. Te taenga mai me te noho a te Māori

Ngā whakaahua me ngā rauemi katoa o tēnei kōrero

Te tūhura me te heke

He poto te noho a te tangata ki Aotearoa tērā ki tētahi atu whenua motuhake o te ao. Kāore tonu i te whakaaetia whānuitia te tau i nōhia tuatahitia ai te whenua nei, engari ko te kōrero o ēnei rā e mea ana, ka tae mai ngā tāngata tuatahi i te pito rāwhiti o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa i te takiwā o te rau tau 1200. Kia taka rawa ki te tau 1642, kātahi anō ka mārama ngā tāngata o Ūropi mō tēnei whenua.

I āta tūhuratia tēnei whenua e ngā tāngata mai Te Moananui-a-Kiwa. I whai rātou i ngā aramoana, ko ngā aumoana, te hau me ngā whetū o te rangi ngā kai whakamārama i tō rātou huarahi. E mea ana te kōrero, nā Kupe a Aotearoa i hura. Nāwai rā, ka tīmata te taetae mai o ngā rōpū tokoiti mai Te Moananui-a-Kiwa. Ka whanake ngā rōpū iti nei hei iwi. Kia tau rawa te Pākehā ki Aotearoa kātahi anō ka karangahia ngā tāngata whenua o Aotearoa, he Māori.

Te whai i ngā matapaia Lapita

Ahakoa te rahi o te uku ki Aotearoa, kīhai te Māori i auaha matapaia. Heoi, nā ō rātou tīpuna (iwi Lapita) tēnei mātauranga i kawe mai i Āhia, ki te tonga mā-rāwhiti o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, tae rawa ki Hāmoa me Tonga mate atu ai. Mā te whai i ngā mahuetanga matapaia Lapita (ko tēnei wāhi ake kei Kanaki), ka kitea te putanga ake o te tangata ki Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa. He āhua rite ngā whakahoahoa Māori ki ngā tauira kei te matapaia Lapita.

Te mahi kai

I noho rōpū ngā tāngata tuatahi, ko te kekeno me te moa ā rātou tino kai. Nā te kaha o te patupatunga, ka ngaro te moa. Ko te hopu kai me te kohi kai te oranga mō ngā iwi o Te Wai Pounamu.

Te whakatipu kai me te mahi ika

Kawea mai ai e ngā tāngata o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa te kūmara me te uwhi ki Aotearoa. Nā te mahana o te whenua i Te Ika-a-Māui, ka makuru te tipu. Inā te rahi o ngā māra kūmara hei whāngai i ngā iwi kei ō rātou pā e noho ana. Ahakoa tēnei ahuatanga, i mahia tonutia e ngā iwi o Te Ika-a-Māui ngā manu me ngā tamariki a Tangaroa. I ētahi takiwā o Te Tai Tokerau, nā te tini o te tangata, ka whakataetae ngā iwi mō ngā kai. I whai te kurī me te kiore i te tangata ki Aotearoa mai i Poronihia, hāunga te poaka me te heihei.

He iwi kaha

I ngā wā pai ka ora te noho a te Māori. He poto noa iho te koiora o te Māori o ērā wā ki te koiora o te tangata Māori o ēnei rā, engari ka rite ki te koiora o te tangata Pākehā o tērā wā. I kake pea te taupori Māori ki te 100,000 i mua i te taenga mai o te Pākehā.

Kawe tikanga ā-waha

I tukuna ā-wahatia e te Māori āna hītori me āna kōrero. Ka noho ā-whānau, ā-hapū, ā-iwi te Māori, i raro i te mana o tētahi tipuna nui. He mahi whakahirahira ki te Māori te tātai whakapapa.

Ngā riri

He mea nui ki te Māori te mana me te utu. Nā tēnei, ka whānui ngā pakanga me ngā riri. Heoi, ko te tikanga o aua wā, he wā mō te pakanga, he wā hoki mō te noho mārire. I te nuinga o te wā, noho ai te Māori ki ō rātou kāinga, ki ō rātou wāhi mahi kai rānei, kāpā ki ngā pā tūwatawata.

Ngā toi me ngā tikanga a te Māori

Ko te taonga toi nui rawa a te Māori, ko te whakairo whare me te hahau waka, tae atu ki te auaha whao, taonga hoki mai te kōhatu. Ahakoa ngā pakanga me ngā riri i waenganui i ngā iwi, ka haere tonu ngā tauhokohoko i te taonga me te kai. Heoi mā te pakanga anō riro mai ai he rawa.

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

John Wilson, 'Hītori - Te taenga mai me te noho a te Māori', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/mi/hitori/page-1 (accessed 19 March 2024)

He kōrero nā John Wilson, i tāngia i te 8 Feb 2005, updated 1 Apr 2020