Whārangi 1: Haurongo
Te Atua, Hēnare
?–1912
Nō Ngāti Kahungunu; he kaihautū
I tuhia tēnei haurongo e Angela Ballara rāua ko Piri Sciascia, ā, i tāngia tuatahitia ki Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau i te 1996. He mea whakamāori nā Ngā Tangata Taumata Rau.
Nō Ngāti Kere me ērā atu o ngā hapū o Pōrangahau ki te tonga o Te Matau-a-Māui (Hawke's Bay) a Hēnare Te Atua. He kaihautū nui ia nō tōna iwi i ngā tau whakamutunga o te rau tau atu i 1800 tae atu ki ngā tau tīmatanga o te rau tau rua ngahuru. Ko ia te kaitaua ki te mana o te rangatira rā, o Hēnare Matua. Ko tōna pāpā ko Hone Te Whakapai. Ko te tikanga o tēnei īngoa ko 'te whakapai i te takoto o ngā mea katoa', arā, kitea ana tōna awe i te wā i houhoungia te rongo i mua o te hokinga mai o Ngāti Kahungunu i Nukutaurua i te mutunga o ngā whawhai i ngā tau tekau e rua atu i 1820 me 1830. Ko Ani Kānara tōna whaea. I heke tahi rāua i te kāwai tuakana mai i a Kere, ā, he pānga anō ō rāua ki ngā tātai tūpuna o Ngāti Pakiua. Nā te hekenga iho o Pakiua i a Tūmapuhiārangi, i pā ai a Hēnare Te Atua ki ngā iwi o Waimārama ki te taha marangai, ki Te Wairarapa ki te taha tonga. He uri whakaheke a Pakiua rāua ko Kere nō Hinepare, me te aha, nō te wā i a Hēnare Te Atua i koeke haere ai, i whakataua a ia hei rangatira mō Ngāti Hinepare. Nā tana hekenga iho i a Kere, ka whanaunga anō a Hēnare ki a Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti. He mea whakahirahira ki a Ngāti Kere me ōna hapū whānui te whānautanga o Hēnare Te Atua, ko ia rā te tūhonotanga o ngā kāwai whakaheke.
I ngā tau pokapū o te rau tau atu i 1800 i whānau ia. E tamariki tonu ana, ka atawhaingia ia e ana huānga o Ngāti Pīhere, e Miriama Hineinukua rāua ko tana tāne ko Hoani Waikato. Ko rāua ana māhita tuatahi. Hei whakawhānui ake i tōna akoranga, ka riro nā Hēnare Matua, te kaiārahi o te iwi kāinga o Pōrangahau, a ia i tohutohu. Nā Nēpia Pōhūhū o Ngāti Hinepare rāua ko Moihi Te Mātorohanga o Ngāti Moe a Hēnare Matua i ako i Te Wairarapa. Koinei te take i riro mai i a Hēnare Te Atua ngā mōhiotanga o ngā tohunga whakamutunga e rua o te whare wānanga o mua atu o te wā Karaitiana.
Nō Hēnare Te Atua i Waimārama, ka moe ia i a Mirianata Kuitohi, he tamāhine tēnei nā Rāina Te Rangikoiānake, he mokopuna hoki nā Rīpeka Te Pakipaki rāua ko Īhaka Mōtoro. Tokowhā ā rāua tamāhine i whānau ki reira, arā, ko Hinerohi, ko Pirihira Harirū, ko Huiariki me Hinerohi Kuao. Ka mate a Kuitohi i mua i te matenga o Hēnare. Nō muri nei, ka moe anō a Hēnare i a Ngāwhare o Ngāi Te Wheeki. Ko Te Hau Mihiata rāua ko Hone Te Whakapai Te Atua ā rāua tamariki, arā, ko Te Hau te tamāhine.
Tae rawa ake ki te tau 1886, e noho ana a Hēnare Te Atua i Pōrangahau; ka karangatia ia ko 'Te Ringatū' nō te mea ko te minita whakamutunga (te minita anake rānei) ia o te wāhanga Ringatū o te iwi. Ēngari ka tiro kē ngā iwi o Pōrangahau ki a Hēnare Matua hei kaiārahi hoki mō tō rātau taha wairua, hei rangatira tiaki tonu i a rātau. Nō te Hāhi Mihinare a Hēnare Matua. Kia kore ai e uru atu tōna iwi ki ngā raruraru o ngā tekau tau atu i 1860 me 1870 (i whai wāhi tonu nei a Te Kooti ki ētahi), ka tahuri a Hēnare Matua ki te whakatakoto i tētahi rohe maungārongo (ko te īngoa karanga ko Pōti-riri-kore, ko Te Wairarapa rānei), e kore e tūkinotia e wai rānei. Nō te hui o te Kirihimete i Pōrangahau i te tau 1886, ka tonoa a Te Kooti e Hēnare Te Atua kia haere mai. Kātahi ka puta te whakahē a Matua mō te karangatanga i a Te Kooti, hāunga anō whakaaetia ana e ia ngā mahi kaha nui a tōna iwi ki te whakatikatika i a rātau mō te hui. Whakatūria ana e rātau he whare taupua, ā, e hia kē te nui o te puehu parāoa i hokona mai e rātau me te maha anō hoki o ngā kōura me ngā kererū i mahia e rātau, hei whāngai i a Te Kooti me ana apataki 200, 300 rānei te tokomaha. Puakina ana e Te Kooti i Pōrangahau ētahi kupu whakaari e pā ana ki ngā whakakitenga o te Paipera, arā, ko aua kupu i ngākaunuitia, i tuhia rawatia e Ngāti Kere. I te 24 o Tīhema i kīia e ia ngā kupu 'ewhe arawheta'; ki te whakaaro ko te whakamāramatanga, he inoi āna i ahu tonu mai i ngā kupu a Hopa (Hopa 13:1-21). Nō te 1 o Hānuere 1887 ka whakaputaina e ia ngā kupu 'oro pariera'; ko ēnei kupu tana whakatūpatotanga ki ngā Hāhi Māori puta kē, kia whakakotahi rātau, me te pūmau anō ki te rapu i te oranga tonutanga i te Kaihanga. He mea whakaatu tonu e Te Kooti, ko te mea nui kē, kia mau tonu te puri i ēnei kōrero e ai ki tā Horomona i kī ai: 'heia ki tou kakī, tuhituhia iho, ko tou ngākau anō hei papa' (Whakataukī 3:3).
Kātahi ka noho manawapā te hunga Ringatū ki te wāhanga Mihinare o te iwi, ahakoa rā ngā tohutohu kia ngāwari me te mau ki te rangimārie. Nō roto i ngā whaikōrero, e rua rāua, a Hēnare Matua rāua ko Tamahau Mahupuku e wero ana i a Te Kooti. Ahakoa, māhaki noa te āhua o Te Kooti. Hei kī māna, ko te maungārongo me te whakaaro pai ki te tangata kē te pūtake o tōna haerenga mai. Kātahi ka haere te whakapae, he mea mākutu e ia te whare, a Te Poho‑o-Kahungunu, i a ia i hamumu rā ki te pakoko i mua o te whare.
E rua ngā rā i muri mai, ka whakapaetia i mahi mākutu anō a Te Kooti i a ia i Pōrangahau tonu, i te toromitanga o Hinerohi, te tamāhine a Hēnare Te Atua, i te awa o Pōrangahau; e ono tau tōna pakeke. E hia nei ngā rā i muri mai, i hemo ko Hēnare Matua i tana wharatanga i te paki.
Ko te wā tēnei o te mataku, o te aituā, o te whakapae me te papatuanga o ngā kaihautū tokorua rā. Nā konei i mīharo ai ki te whakautu a Hēnare Te Atua. Ka pātai atu a Matua ki a Te Kooti, me pēhea e taea e ia te utu ngā manaakitanga i ūhia ki runga i a ia. Ki tā te kōrero, ko te huringa atu tēnā a Te Kooti ki a Te Atua, tohu atu ai, mā te Hāhi tonu te taumahatanga o Te Atua e waha. Nō tērā, ka whakaaro a Te Atua ki te whakauru atu i tētahi o ana kāhui ki te Hāhi Mihinare. Ko te mutunga iho i whakaritea tonutia e ia ko tana tamāhine pakeke, ko Hinerohi Kūao (i tapaina ki te īngoa o tana teina i toromi rā) hei takoha. Mau ake anō hoki a Hinerohi ki te īngoa o Te Wāhanga (ko te tohu o tēnei īngoa ko te wāhanga i a ia hei takoha). Whai ake ana te nuinga o ngā Ringatū i a ia ki te Hāhi Mihinare.
Ki te whakaaro o ngā tāngata o Pōrangahau ko te whakautu a Hēnare Te Atua ki te wero a Hēnare Matua, he karo kē i ngā mākutu a Te Kooti. Me te aha, i piki tōna mana i waenganui i te iwi o reira. Nō te matenga o Hēnare Matua i te tau 1894, ka riro i a ia te tūnga kaihautū o te iwi kāinga, ehara kau i a Tīpene Matua, tōna uri whakaheke. Heoi, kāre tonu i āta mutu pai ngā tautohetohe mō te tūnga kaihautū; ko te mutunga, nō muri mai i peke atu ai a Tīpene Matua me tētahi wāhanga o te iwi ki te Hāhi Rātana.
He whānau nui te whānau a Hēnare Te Atua i runga i te marae o Rongomaraeroa i Pōrangahau; i piri rātau ki ngā whare whakairo o reira. I noho a Te Wāhanga Hinerohi i te whare nui, i Tāraiwahine; nā Pirihira Harirū, te tuahine o Hēnare Te Atua, ngā rākau rā i tapahi i te tekau tau atu i 1860. I te wā o te taenga mai o Te Kooti e tū ana te whare o Te Poho‑o-Kahungunu i runga tonu i te papakāinga, ā, i reira tonu i te tau 1899. Ko Tapurutu te īngoa o te whare i reira i mua atu.
I karangatia e Hēnare Te Atua he hui i Te Poho‑o-Kahungunu, mai i te 31 o Mei ki te 9 o Hune o te tau 1899, ki te kōrerorero i ngā menemana o te Pire Whakatautau Whakahaere Hoki i ngā Whenua Māori (Native Lands Settlement and Administration Bill) a te pirimia, a Te Hētana (Richard Seddon) o te tau 1898. He mea whakarite e Te Atua taua pire nei hei Tiriti o Waitangi tuarua i waenganui i a Kuini Wikitōria me te iwi Māori. He nui tonu ngā menemana i whakaaria e ia me tana kī, ki te kore a Te Hētana e tautoko, me tono atu a Kuini Wikitōria kia whakahaua āna minita o Niu Tīreni kia whakaaetia ngā hiahia o te iwi Māori.
Tae rawa ake ki te tau 1902, kua noho kē a Te Atua hei tiamana mō te komiti marae o Pōrangahau. Ko tana mahi i runga i tēnei tūranga ōna, he whakahaere i ngā tirotirohanga parukore. Nāna ngā whakariterite i tū ai he tāone hou i reira. Ko tētahi mahi āna he whakatōpū i ngā pānga whenua o ngā hapū kāinga. Ka tukua e ia ētahi rīpoata o ngā whakahaere a te komiti ki te nūpepa Māori, ki Te Puke ki Hikurangi. I haere a Te Atua ki tētahi hui i Heretaunga i te marama o Mei 1902, ko Īhāia Hūtana te tiamana whakahaere. Tono ana a Hūtana kī ngā waha kōrero o ngā iwi Māori o Heretaunga, me āta whakaaroaro anō rātau, i mua i te tukunga kerēme ki te Kōti Whenua Māori. I tautokona e Te Atua ngā whakatūpato a Hūtana mō ngā whenua ngaro noa, kei riro noa i ngā rōia me ngā kairūri mō ngā nama e kore e taea te utu. Ko te tūtohu a Hūtana kia waihangatia anō ngā kāinga me ngā pā hei papakāinga (arā, hei rāhui motuhake) hei paparetanga. kīia atu ana e Hēnare Te Atua, koirā anō tōna whakaaro mō Pōrangahau, ā, ka inoi atu ki a Hūtana kia āwhinatia a ia.
I whiwhi kaihautū ngā iwi o Pōrangahau, nā te tū a Hēnare Te Atua hei waha kōrero mō ngā hiahia o tōna iwi i runga i ngā take tōrangapū me te ture, tae atu ki ngā mahi whakahaere. I tū anō ia hei kaihautū, hei kaiwhakapuaki i ngā mahi hou ki roto ki te ao Māori. I ngā hui maha me ngā tangihanga i Te Wairarapa, puta atu ki Te Matau-a-Māui, ko ia tonu hei kanohi mō tōna iwi; nāna tonu i ārahi te hanganga o te whare hou, o Te Poho-o-Kahungunu II, i Pōrangahau. Nō te whakatuwheratanga a te pīhopa o Waiapu, a A. W. Averill, i te whare nei, i te 15 o Noema 1911, ko Te Atua tonu te kaihautū matua o ngā whakahaere. Nō tōna tukunga i te Pīhopa Mihinare hei kaiwhakatuwhera i te whare, ka whakarērea e ia ngā tikanga pākaha a te Māori o mua; nā te mea e hāngai ana tētahi wāhi nei ki ngā āhuatanga i hua ake i te hui i Tīhema o te tau 1886, nō reira i waihangatia ai e ia he kawa hou.
Nō te Kirihimete o te tau 1911, i tae atu a Hēnare Te Atua ki te hui i te whare o Ngā Tau e Waru, e tata ana ki Whakaoriori (Masterton). I kōrerotia i reira ngā poropiti a Pāora Te Pōtangaroa, me te whakaaro mō te hāpai i te Hāhi o te Rūri Tuawhitu a Ihowā, hei Hāhi hou mō te Māori, e whakakotahitia ai ngā momo hāhi huhua noa atu. I tae katoa atu te Katorika, te Mihinare me te Mōmona. Nō te tīmatanga o te hākari o te Kirihimete, i tapahia ētahi rīpene; kotahi te mea mangu, he tohu nō te tangi, kotahi te mea mā, he tohu nō te harakoa. I riro nā Mohi Te Ātahīkoia te rīpene mangu i tapahi, nā Hēnare Te Atua te mea mā.
Mehemea e whakaaro ana a Hēnare Te Atua ki te Hāhi o te Rūri Tuawhitu hei huarahi e kotahi ai tōna iwi i roto i te wairua, kua tata pau kē te wā e toe ana ki a ia. I mate ia i te 21 o Mei o te tau 1912, i Pōrangahau. Ahakoa te tikanga, kia whakatakotoria te tūpāpaku ki roto ki te whare mate (he whare taupua, he whare wehe kē) hei takotoranga mō te kāwhena, hei nohanga hoki mō te kirimate, kāre i pērā. I whakatakotoria kētia ia ki te roro o Te Poho‑o-Kahungunu II. Mai i tērā wā ki nāianei, kei te mau tonu te tangata ki tēnei tikanga hou. Kei te urupā o Kaiwhītikitiki i Pōrangahau ia e tāpuke ana, i te taha o āna wahine tokorua (ka mate a Ngāwhare i ngā tau tōmuri o te tekau tau atu i 1920), ā, i te taha o ērā atu o ōna whanaunga. Ko tana tamāhine ko Te Wāhanga me tana mokopuna, me Hēnare Te Atua Hokianga, ētahi kei reira e tanumia ana.