Kōrero: Te Whare Tapere Hōu

Whārangi 2. Ngā kamupene whare tapere Māori, 1970-1990

Ngā whakaahua me ngā rauemi katoa o tēnei kōrero

Ngā kaitākaro o Te Ika-a-Māui

Nā ngā mautohe a te iwi Māori i te tekau tau 1970 ka oreore ngā mahi o te whare tapere Māori. Ko te whare tapere tuatahi kia whakatūria e te Māori ko Te Ika a Maui Players, i hangaia i te tau 1976. I te tīmatanga i hangaia te whare tapere nei hei whakaari i tā Rowley Habib whakaari, The death of the land. E toru ngā tau e tīpā haere ana tēnei whakaari i te motu. Nō te tau 1978 ka whakaaturia i runga whakaata. Nāwai rā ka rongonui anō ngā kaiwhakaū e rua o Te Ika a Māui Jim Moriarty rāua ko Brian Potiki.

Te whare tapere tōrangapū

E ai ki te pouako Ingarihi i Te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki-makaurau mō te whare tapere o Maranga Mai nō te Tai Tokerau: ‘ka whakaatu a Maranga Mai i ngā kitenga rangitahi o te whare tapere ki ngā whakaari i pīrangi whānuitia i te tekau tau 1970 …i konei rangona ai te reo whakaari.’1

Maranga Mai

Nā Pōtiki i āwhina te whakatūnga o te whare tapere o Maranga Mai. I tīkina atu e rātou ngā mautohe Māori hei kaupapa mō ngā whakaari. I te tau 1979 ka haere te tira ki ngā kura, ki ngā marae, tae rawa atu ki te Whare Mīere. E ai ki ētahi o te hunga tōrangapū, e whakatutū puehu ana rātou i waenga i ngā iwi. Ko ētahi o te hunga mātaki i a Maranga Mai ka whai anō i te whare tapere, pērā i te kaiwhakaari o Hāmoa a Eteuati Ete.

Ngā pia Māori o te whare tapere

I te tau 1972 ka tū ko Rāwiri Paratene hei pia Māori tuatahi kia whakapōtaengia ki te QE II Arts Council Drama School (nāwai ko te NZ Drama School me Toi Whakaari). Nāwai koia te marutuna a te mahi a te Māori i whai i ōna tapuwae ki te whare tapere. I te tau 1975 ka whakapōtaengia a Rangimoana Taylor, ā, nō muri mai ka whakatūria e ia a Te Ohu Whakaari.

Nāwai ka whakaputa a Te Ohu Whakaari i ngā whakaari nā tōna teina nā Apirana Taylor (Kohanga, Te whanau a Tuanui Jones), nā tōna tuahine hoki a Riwia Brown (Roimata, Te hokinga, Nga wahine)i tuhi. 17 tau noa iho te pakeke o Briar Grace-Smith (tētahi o ngā mema tūturu) i te whakatūnga o Te Ohu Whakaari. Nāwai ka rongonui ia mō te tito tuhinga whakaari.

Taki Rua

I whakatuwheratia te whare tapere o Depot Theatre i te tau 1983 hei whakaputa i ngā mahi whakaari o Aotearoa. E ai ki tētahi o ngā mema tūturu a Hone Kouka, e tuwhera ana ngā ringa ki ngā kaiwhakaari Māori’.2 Nāwai ka tapaina houtia te whare tapere ko Taki Rua. He nui ngā tuhinga whakaari rongonui kua puta i te hunga Māori i tēnei whare whakaari, pērā i a Rowley Habib. I whakaaturia tuatahitia a Nga morehu me Tupuna ki The Depot i te tau 1987, ā, i te tau tonu i muri mai, ka whakaaringia a Fragments of a childhood.

Don Selwyn

I te tau 1984 ka hanga rāua ko Ruth Kapua i a Tamaki Creative Maori Arts i tētahi kaupapa whakangungu. Mai i te tekau tau 1960 a Don Selwyn e whakapau kaha ana ki te whare tapere. I te tau 1985 ka tohutohu a Selwyn i āna tauira i roto i te whakaaritanga tuatahi o te whakaari a Hone Tūwhare i a In the wilderness without a hat. I te tau 1990 ka hautū rāua ko Kapua i Te tangata whai rawa o Weneti, he whakamāoritanga o te whakaari a Rūrūtao, a The merchant of Venice. Nā te tautōhito nā Pei Te Hurinui Jones ngā kōrero i whakamāori i te tau 1945 , engari nō te tau 2001 rā anō ka mahia hei kiriata.

Te huri hei Toi Whakaari

Whai muri i ngā akiaki a ngā kaimahi matua pērā i a Rona Bailey ka tīmata te tauawhi a te Kura Whakaari o Aotearoa i ngā tauira Māori me ērā o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa. I te tau 1988 ka tāpiri te whare tapere i Te Kura Toi Whakaari o Aotearoa (ko Toi Whakaari te ingoa poto). I tērā tau e 50 ōrau o ngā tauira hou, he Māori, pērā i a Cliff Curtis, i rongonui rā tana ingoa mō ngā pikitia o Hollywood. I whakaurua ētahi kaupapa ako mō te reo Māori me ngā tikanga i ngā taumata katoa o te akoranga toru tau. I whakaakona ēnei kaupapa e ngā pūkenga kua puta kē i mua i Toi Whakaari, e Rangimoana Taylor, e Rawiri Paratene mā.

Te Rākau Hua O Te Wao Tapu

I te tau 1990 ka whakaputa Te Rākau Hua O Te Wao Tapu, arā, te kamupene hou a Jim Moriarty, i a Brokenarse (nā Bruce Stewart)me Nga puke (nā John Broughton ki Te Depot). Nāwai ka mahi ngātahi te kamupene ki ngā rangatahi taka ki te hē. I te tau 2000 ka tohua a Moriarty ki te Tohu o Aotearoa.

He Ara Hou

Ko Roma Potiki tētahi o ngā mema o mua o Maranga Mai. I te tau 1990 ka hangaia e ia te whare tapere o He Ara Hou. Nā tēnei rōpū i waihanga te whakaari o Whatungarongaro. He marutuna tēnei whakaari ki a Hone Kouka. ‘Kātahi anō au ka kite au i te whare tapere Māori me te whare tapere Pākehā e mahi tahi ana.’3

Kupu tāpiri
  1. Michael Neill, ‘Maranga Mai: theatre as war party’, NZ Listener, 31 Mei 1980, p. 23. Back
  2. Hone Kouka, ‘The state of contemporary Māori theatre.’ In Performing Aotearoa: New Zealand theatre and drama in an age of transition, edited by Marc Maufort and David O’Donnell. Bruxelles; New York: P.I.E. Peter Lang, 2007, p. 239. Back
  3. ‘The state of contemporary Māori theatre,’ p. 240. Back
Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Mark Derby and Briar Grace-Smith, 'Te Whare Tapere Hōu - Ngā kamupene whare tapere Māori, 1970-1990', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/mi/te-whare-tapere-hou/page-2 (accessed 29 March 2024)

He kōrero nā Mark Derby and Briar Grace-Smith, i tāngia i te 22 Oct 2014