Te whare tapere
Kia kawea tātou e te rēhia
He whakataukī tēnei nō te ao kōhatu e whakaatu ana nō mua noa atu te whakangahau i te taenga mai o te Pākehā. Ka mutu ko te whare tapere te ingoa o te wāhi ka whakaritea ngā kōrero pūrākau, ngā kanikani, ngā waiata me ngā hākinakina. I ētahi wā ka pā tēnei ingoa ki tētahi whare motuhake, i ētahi kei waho noa iho, kei te take o tētahi rākau taumatua rānei. Ko te whare mātoro tētahi momo whare tapere whakangahau i te hunga tamariki. Ko te whare tapere i kawea e tētahi tira whakangahau ka kīia he whare karioi.
Impressive performance
I te tau 1868 ka whakarongo te mihinare a Thomas Grace ki ngā whaikōrero i tētahi kāinga i Whakatāne. ‘Kei waenga i a rātou tētahi kaumātua, ā, ka tino mīharo au ki a ia tonu, o ngā tāngata katoa i reira. Ko tōna tū he tū hirahira … Kua tāia āna whakamīreirei ki roto ki taku hinengaro, e kore e mōnenehu te mahara … Ka mahara ki ngā kauhau takeo i ngā whakaari i te wā kāinga (Ingarangi). Mēnā ka waiata te koroua nei i tāna waiata ki Rānana, kāore e kore kua mīere i a ia ngā ngaio whare tapere.1
Ōrotokare Trust
I te mutunga atu o te rautau 1800 ka popo haere ngā poupou o te whare tapere tūturu me ōna tikanga anō hoki. I te tau 2008 ka hanga a Te Ahukaramū Royal i te kaitiakitanga o Ōrotokare Trust hei rangahau i ngā tikanga e pā ana ki te whare tapere. I te tau 2010 ka tū te whare tapere tuatahi o Ōrotokare ki te marae o Waimangō ki Hauraki. He taonga puoro Māori, he karetao, he hangarau hou ētahi o ngā taputapu mahi.
Ngā āhuatanga Māori i ngā whare tapere Pākehā
Ka rāwekeweke ngā whakaari tōmua o Aotearoa i ngā kaupapa Māori (pērā i te haka) i roto i a The land of the moame Tapu (1903). He poto noa iho te wā ki ngā Māori i ētahi o ngā whakaari, engari kaore rātou i whakamōhiotia mō ngā rārangi kōrero, mō ngā nekeneke o runga atamira rānei. I tū ngā kaiwhakaari Māori ki ngā kiriata tōmua pērā i a Hinemoa(1914) engari kāore i whakawhiti kōrero ki ngā Māori mō ngā kai o roto. Heoi, ka ngana tonu ētahi kiriata ki te whakauru i te tirohanga Māori, pērā i a Rewi’s last stand (1940).
Ka hangā ngā pēne Māori hei whakaari i ngā waiata ā-ringa, ngā haka me ētahi atu tūāhua o te ahurea Māori. I te tau 1941 ka whakaputa te Rōpū Puoro Māori i te whakaari o Hinemoa.
The pohutukawa tree
I te tau 1957 ka whakaputa a Bruce Mason i te whakaari o The pohutukawa tree. Ko tēnei te whakaari tuatahi kia aro ki ngā take ā-iwi ki Aotearoa. Heoi he uaua ki te ringa tohu, ki a Richard Campion te kimi Māori mō ngā tūnga matua. Ka kōwhiria ko Hira Tauwhare, he mema nō te tira whakangahau i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. He whai mana tōna tū i te tūnga matua mō Aroha Mataira. Nāwai ka tōwaitia te whakaari ki runga i te whakaata i Peretānia. Noho tonu atu a Tauwhare ki reira ki ngā whakaari, ngā whakaata me ngā irirangi i raro i te ingoa o Hira Talfrey. I mahi tahi ia me ngā kaiwhakaari rongonui pērā i a Sean Connery rātou ko Anthony Quayle, ko Hayley Mills.
Te whakaari mō Parihaka
I te tau 1971 ka tuhi a Harry Dansey i Te raukura: the feathers of the albatross; ko te tuhinga whakaari tuatahi tēnei i titoa e te Māori. E whakaatu ana te whakaari i te pāhuatanga o Parihaka, ā, nō te tau 1972 ka whakaari tuatahitia ki te Mercury Theatre i Tāmaki-makaurau. Ko George Henare a Te Whiti, te poropiti o Parihaka. E rua tau i muri mai ka whakaaritia a Te Raukura ki te marae o Ngāti Pōneke. Ko ngā kaiwhakaari ko ngā mema o te Rōpū o Te Reo Māori.
Maori Theatre Trust
I te tau 1965 ka mahi te Kamupene Ōpera o Aotearoa i a Porgy and Bess, te ōpera i titoa e George Gershwin mō te noho a ngā iwi mangumangu o Amerika. Ko Īnia Te Wiata te kaiwhakaari matua, ā, 30 ngā Māori i roto i te koaea. He tokomaha rātou i puea ake hei toa i roto i te whare tapere, pērā i a Don Selwyn rātou ko George Hēnare, ko Apirana Taylor. Nō konei ka hangaia te Maori Theatre Trust. I te tau 1967 ka mahi te kaitiakitanga i te whakaari He manatoa, me te paki pukukata e pā ana ki te noho Pākehā, e kīia ana ko The golden lover. E ai ki tētahi kaiarotake, ‘tā ēnei whakaari e rua he para i te huarahi mō te whare tapere Māori.’2
I te tau 1970 ka āmio haere te kaitiakitanga o te whare tapere Māori i te ao. Ka whai wāhi ētahi o ngā mema ki te tira o Aotearoa i haere ki te Expo 70 i Osaka ki Hapani. Kātahi rātou ka haere ki Hanekari me Rūhia. I muri mai he mea whakakore te haere ki Amerika nā te kore aro a te marea, me ngā tāmitanga pūtea. Nā whai anō ka wehewehe te rōpū.
Mr Kingi Hori
Tētahi mema o te Theatre Trust ko George Hēnare, ā koia te kaitapere matua i a ia e whakaahua ana i a Hongi Hika, i te whakaari puoro o Mr King Hongi, i whakaaturia i te tau 1973 i te Auckland Mercury Theatre.