Kōrero: Te ohanga onamata a rohe

Whārangi 1. Ngā taonga tauwhitiwhiti

Ngā whakaahua me ngā rauemi katoa o tēnei kōrero

Te taenga mai i ngā moutere

I tae tuatahi mai ngā tīpuna Māori ki Aotearoa i te takiwā o te tau 1300. Nā tō rātou ahunga mai i te moutere rikiriki i te takiwā pāru o Poronīhia, ka urutau rātou ki tēnei whenua roa, mātao hoki. Matua ake, i horapa rātou ki ngā moutere i runga i ngā au moana, me te tūhura haere i ngā whenua pai mō te noho. I rapu anō rātou i ngā wāhi kai, ngā papanga whatu kākahu, ngā wāhi haumaru, ngā rākau pai me ngā awa pai mō te whakatere waka.

Ngā nōhanga tōmua

E whakaarotia ana i nōhia tuatahi ai i Te Ika-a-Māui i mua i te totoro ki Te Waipounamu. I tere tā rātou horapa i ngā moutere e rua nā te nui o ngā kararehe nui hei whai – pērā i te moa me te kēkeno. E whakaarotia ana he wā e noho ōrite ana te nuinga tāngata o ngā moutere e rua nei. Heoi nāwai ā ka nui ake ngā tāngata i Te Ika-a-Māui. E whakapaetia ana kāre rawa te taupori i Te Waipounamu i kake ake i te 5,000 te rahi.

Ngā taonga ahuone hou

He nui ngā tipu i mauria mai i Hawaiki. Ko ētahi i tipu ki tēnei motu ko te kūmara, te taro, te uwhi, te hue, te aute me te tī pore. Mōmona te tipu o ēnei rākau ki te tai whakararo o Te Ika-a-Māui. Kīhai te pōporohua, te niu me te panana i tipu ki Aotearoa nei – he tipu ēnei i mauria haere e ngā tīpuna Māori i ō rātou torotoronga i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.

Ngahere

I te taenga tuatahi mai o te Māori ki konei, 80 ōrau o te whenua e kapi katoa ana i te ngahere. Ko ngā hua a Tāne, ko te kai a Haumiaroa ngā tino kai. Hāunga anō i Hawaiki ka tipu te niu, te pōporohua me te panana i te roa o te tau.

Ka tahuna ngā ngāherehere ki te ahi kia wātea ai mō te ahuwhenua me te wana ake o te aruhe. He whānui ngā ngāherehere i tahuna ki ngā takutai moana o Te Ika-a-Māui me te taha rāwhiti o Te Waipounamu.

Ka whai hiranga tonu te ngahere, heoi i tahuri rawa rātou ki te patu manu i te korenga ake o te moa, me ngā kāhui kēkeno. I tū tēnei āhuatanga e kotahi rau tau i muri i tō rātou noho taunaha.

He kaupapa nui anō te whai wāhi ki ngā rākau taumatua o te wao mō te tārai waka me te hanga whare. I tipu te kauri ki te tai tokerau o te Ika-a-Māui, me te tōtara ki ngā wāhi katoa.

Ngā kararehe

Ka mau mai hoki te Māori i ana kurī me ana kiore. Ka kaha te tipu o te kiore i ngā ururua, heoi ka noho mōkai te kurī i te taha o te tangata whāngaihia ki te kai.

Ngā wai

Pai kē ake ki te Māori kia noho ki ngā takutai moana, ki tūtata mai o ngā awa, ngā whanga me ngā wahapū. I pēnei tā rātou noho kia huaki ai ki ngā ika wai māori, wai tai hoki me te mātaitai.

Kōhatu

Ko ngā whao, ngā rākau mahi māra me ngā taonga hī ika, ka hangaia katoa mai i te kōhatu. Ko ngā taonga kōhatu nui rawa ko te toki me te whao. Ko ngā toki tōmua he mea hanga i te kara, te adzite (baked argillite) me te ōnewa. Nāwai ka hangaia i te ōnewa ki te Ika-a-Māui me te pounamu ki Te Waipounamu. Ka tauwhitiwhitihia ngā kōhatu whai hiranga nei.

Te noho korara o te iwi

I te taenga mai o te Pākehā, kua korara haere te noho o ngā iwi Māori ki Aotearoa. E 80 ōrau o te taupori i noho ki te tai tokerau o Te Ika-a-Māui, me ngā akau whakateraki atu i Whanganui me Te Matau-a-Māui. E kīia ana tēnei wāhi e ngā pūkenga ko ‘Iwitini’.

15 ōrau o te taupori i noho ki ērā atu takiwā o Te Ika-a-Māui me te tai rāwhiti o Te Waipounamu, mai i Tuhuroa ki te whaitua uru o Hakaroa. I reira ngā mahinga kai a ērā iwi. E karangatia ana tēnei takiwā ko ‘Waenganui’. Ko ērā atu wāhi o Te Waipounamu, kīhai he ahuone. 5 ōrau anake te taupori Māori i noho ki konei.

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Basil Keane, 'Te ohanga onamata a rohe - Ngā taonga tauwhitiwhiti', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/mi/te-ohanga-onamata-a-rohe/page-1 (accessed 16 April 2024)

He kōrero nā Basil Keane, i tāngia i te 11 Mar 2010