Kōrero: Te Āti Awa ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara

Whārangi 4. Te tekau tau atu i 1830: te noho i te whenua

Ngā whakaahua me ngā rauemi katoa o tēnei kōrero

Ngā hononga kei waenganui i a Ngāmotu rāua ko Ngāti Mutunga

I te taenga o Te Āti Awa o Ngāmotu ki te tonga, ka noho tuatahi rātou ki Waikanae. Ko Te Mana, he hapū nō Ngāti Mutunga, e noho ana ki Pito-one, ki te taha whakatetonga i Te Whanganui-a-Tara; nō mua noa rātou heke ai i te rohe o Taranaki. Nā Te Mana i pōwhiri ngā rangatira o Ngāmotu - a Te Puni, a Te Wharepōuri, a Te Matangi rāua ko tana tama a Te Mānihera Te Toru, kia noho ki reira, nā te whanaungatanga i waenganui i a rātou.

I taua wā anō, e hoki whakatetonga ana tētahi ope taua nō Te Ati Awa, ko tōna kaingārahu, ko Wī Tako Ngātata. Ka piki te taua ki Heretaunga (Te Awakairangi), ka whakaekea a Ngāti Kahukura-awhitia ki tō rātou kāinga ki Pūniu-nuku. Ko te take o tā rātou whakaeke, he ranaki i te mate o Te Momi, he rangatira nō Ngāti Mutunga. Hei utu mō tēnei, ka rāhuitia e Patukawenga o Ngāti Mutunga tētahi whenua mō te iwi o Ngāmotu ki Waiwhetū, kei te taha rāwhiti o te pūwaha o te awa o Heretaunga.

Nā Patukawenga te wāhi nei i karanga, ko Te Iwi Tuarā o Tipi, hei whakamaumaharatanga mō tōna uri i pākūhātia ki tētahi rangatira nō Ngāmotu. Nō muri, ka whakatapuhia te whenua o Whiorau (Lowry Bay) e te iwi o Te Mana mō ngā tāngata o Ngāmotu. Nā ēnei takoha i whai tūrangawaewae ai a Te Āti Awa ki te rohe o Te Whanganui-a-Tara.

Te heke paukena

I te ārahitanga o Te Puni rāua ko Te Wharepōuri i tētahi taua toto ki Wairarapa, ka kite rātou kei te wātea te whenua i te tangata. Nā, ko te take tērā i heke ai te rahi o te iwi kia noho ki te taha tonga o Wairarapa; ko ngā kaumātua i mahue ki Waiwhetū.

I te wā e noho ana te iwi o Ngāmotu ki Wairarapa, kua tupu te raruraru ki waenganui i ngā iwi kei Kapiti – mō ngā whakarohenga whenua me ngā riri o neherā. I te pakanga o Haowhenua i te tau 1834, ka heke anō tētahi tira i Taranaki ka kīia ai, ko te heke paukena; nō te takiwā o Waitara ki Taranaki te iwi nei. Ko te kaiārahi o tēnei heke o Te Ati Awa, ko Te Rangitāke, ko Wiremu Kīngi rānei tōna ingoa ki ētahi.

Te tuku whenua, 1835

I te tau 1835 i te noho māharahara a Ngāti Mutunga me tētahi wahanga o Ngāti Tama mō tō rātou noho ki te rohe, nā te taenga o Ngāti Raukawa ki te rohe o Kapiti, nā te whatinga hoki o te maungārongo ki a Ngāti Toa i te riri o Haowhenua. Nā tēnei āhuatanga, ka titiro rātou ki Wharekauri me āna rawa hei kāinga mō rātou; taro ake i whakamātau rātou ki te kāhaki i te kaipuke a Rodney hei heri i a rātou ki Wharekauri mai i te moutere o Matiu (Somes Island) i Te Whanganui-a-Tara. E rua ngā haerenga o te kaipuke nei. I mua i te haerenga whakamutunga i te marama o Nōema, 1835, ka tū tētahi hui ki Matiu. I taua hui ka tukua e Ngāti Mutunga o rātou whenua ki te whanga ki a Te Āti Awa me ngā rangatira o Taranaki katoa.

Te kūititanga

Nō te marama o Oketopa 1839, ka tū te riri o te Kūititanga. Koinei te riri whakamutunga mō te whenua i mua i te taenga o ngā tāngata whai a te Kamupene o Niu Tīreni (New Zealand Company) ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara. Nā runga tonu i te whakahau a Te Rauparaha, ka whakaekea a Te Āti Awa e Ngāti Raukawa; ko te pae o te riri i Waikanae. Ko te take i pāhotia whānuitia mō te riri, ko te takahitanga o te mana a Waitohu, te tuahine a Te Rauparaha i a Ngāti Tama; nō mua tata tonu i te pakanga ka mate a Waitohi. Heoi anō, ko te tino pūtake mō te riri, ko te mana ki te whenua, ko te mana ki ngā rawa. Ko te tikanga ka toa ko Ngāti Raukawa, engari hinga atu, hinga mai. I te mutunga o te pakanga, nui ake te iwi o Ngāti Raukawa i hinga i ērā o te iwi o Te Āti Awa. Heoi, nā te riri ki te Kūititanga, ka mārama kei hea ngā paenga whenua o ngā iwi ki te rohe o Kapiti.

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Morris Love, 'Te Āti Awa ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara - Te tekau tau atu i 1830: te noho i te whenua', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/mi/te-ati-awa-ki-te-whanganui-a-tara/page-4 (accessed 25 April 2024)

He kōrero nā Morris Love, i tāngia i te 8 Feb 2005, updated 1 Mar 2017