Kōrero: Mātauranga hangarau

Whārangi 3. Te reo Māori i runga ipurangi

Ngā whakaahua me ngā rauemi katoa o tēnei kōrero

Ngā ihirangi Māori

I te tau 2009 he maha ngā āhuatanga Māori i runga i te ipurangi, pērā i ngā niupepa o ngā rautau o 1800 me 1900, ngā papakupu, te papakupu reo-Māori anakē tuatahi arā a He pātaka kupu me ngā raraunga reo ā-iwi pērā i Te Papakupu o Te Tai Tokerau. He kaiwhakarato rauemi a Te Kete Ipurangi i ngā kura kaupapa Māori. Ka ako hoki ngā tauira i ngā kōrero tawhito, hou hoki o Te Ao Hou. He hautaka tēnei i whakaputaina mai i te tekau tau o 1950 ki 1970.

Ngā tohutō

Ko te reo matua o te ipurangi ko te Ingarihi, nā reira ka whakamahia te tātai reta Latin. Kāre he raru hei whakaatu i te reo Māori nā te mea i whakamahia hoki te tātai reta Pākehā.

Ko te raru matua ko te whakaatu i te roa o te tō i te tohu oro: Anei ngā āhuatanga e toru hei whakaatu i te poto, te roa rānei o te tohu oro:

  • kāre he tohu – Maori
  • te ororua i te reta – Maaori
  • te whakamahi i te tohutō – Māori.

Nā te korekore o ngā tohutō i runga i te rorohiko, ka whakamahia kē ko ngā umlauts – Mäori. Heoi nō ngā tau tōmua o 2000 ka kaha ake te whakamahia o ngā tohutō. Ko te pōtae anō tētahi ingoa mō te tohutō. Ka whai hiranga ake te tohutō ki te whakatipuranga e ako ana i te reo Māori hei ārero tuarua.

Ngā pūmanawa rorohiko Māori

I te 29 o ngā rā o Noema 2005 ka whakaputaina ngā wāhanga reo Māori o Windows i runga i a Microsoft Office. I tū tēnei i te hononga o Microsoft, Te Taura Whiiri i te Reo Māori me te Whare Wānanga o Waikato. I te 24 o ngā rā o Hune 2008, ka whakarewahia e Te Wānanga o Aotearoa te mata reo Māori mō Google. He maha ngā tau e haere ana tēnei kaupapa i mua i tōna whakahaerehia e TangataWhenua.com. Nā Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori, te Whare Wānanga o Waikato me te hunga takitahi i whakamāori i tēnei.

I te tau 2008, kāre he kairapu reo Māori, heoi tērā tētahi tauira reo Māori i runga i a Firefox. He wāhanga reo Māori anō tō Wikipedia. Ehara tēnei i te whakamāori, engari he mea whakauru haere ngā pānui ki roto i te reo.

i18n me L10n

 

I roto i te reo ipurangi, ko te internationalisation te hātepe auaha i te tono pūmanawa rorohiko kia āhei ai te uru tau ki ngā reo me ngā wāhi rerekē. Ko te localisation te hātepe hei ui te pūmanawa rorohiko ki ngā wāhi me ngā reo e hiahiatia ana. Ka taea tēnei mā te tāpiri i ngā wāhanga me ngā kupu whakamārama e whai wāhi ana. Ka whakapotohia ēnei kupu ki te i18n (e 18 te rahi o ngā reta i roto i te internationalisation) me te L10n. Ko te mea Māori ko te mi-nz. (Ko te mea Pākehā ko te en-nz.)

 

Ngā ingoa Māori tūranga tuarua

Ko te tūranga teitei (TLD) te wāhanga whakamutunga o te tauwāhi ipurangi, pērā i a .com, i a .nz. Ko te ingoa i mua i te TLD (te 2LD) ko ngā ingoa matua i roto o Aotearoa ko .co.nz me .org.nz.

E rua ngā 2LD a te Māori, arā ko .maori.nz me iwi.nz. He mea whakarewa ēnei 2LD e te NZMIS, arā, te kanohi mō te Māori ki ngā kaupapa ipurangi.

Ngā ingoa wāhi ā-ao

I mua, me Ingarihi te ingoa wāhi tau. Nō muri mai ka whakamahia ētahi atu reo, a ka kīia he internationalised domain names (IDNs). Nō konei ka whakauruhia te tohutō ki ngā ingoa tau wāhi – kua huri a maori.co.nz me maori.com ki te māori.com me te māori.co.nz.

Te pūnaha taunaha reo rua

I te tau 2007 ka whakatau te NZMIS kia hanga i te pūnaha ingoa tauwāhi o Aotearoa – arā me te whakatuwhera i te URL Māori, Pākehā hoki. Mā ngā kaiwhakamahi tau wāhi hei whiriwhiri ko tēhea ka whakamahia e rātou.

Ko ngā whakamāoritanga o ngā 2LD e rua ko:

  • .co.nz – .mahi.nz
  • .net.nz – .ipu.nz
  • .org.nz – .ropu.nz
  • .gen.nz – .noa.nz
  • .school.nz – .kura.nz
  • .ac.nz – .wananga.nz me .wānanga.nz rānei.

Te pūnaha taunaha ingoa Māori

Nō te whakatuwheratanga o ngā tau wāhi teitei kua puta te whakahau me hanga te Māori i tōna ake .com. Kua whakaputahia ngā ingoa pērā i a .maori me .aotearoa hei URL.

Kua kī te NZMIS me hangaia he tau wāhi mō Aotearoa me te TLD o .aa.

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Basil Keane, 'Mātauranga hangarau - Te reo Māori i runga ipurangi', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/mi/matauranga-hangarau/page-3 (accessed 29 March 2024)

He kōrero nā Basil Keane, i tāngia i te 11 Mar 2010