He iwi ngaro
Ka pāheke tonu te taupori Māori whai muri i te Tiriti o Waitangi i te tau 1840. Nō te tau 1896 kei raro e putu ana te taupori i te 42,000 noa iho te rahi o te iwi. Nā te pāheketanga taupori me ngā āria kaikiri ka matapaetia te mate ā-moa o te iwi Māori. I te tau 1856 ka kī ake te kaitōrangapū a Isaac Featherston ko te mahi kei mua i te tangata Pākehā he ‘smooth down … [the] dying pillow' (whakamāene i te urunga mate) o te iwi Māori.1
Nāwai ka mate tērā whakaaro, arā, kore rawa e ora ngā tāngata whenua o te ao i te noho Pākehā me ōna tahumaero. I te tau 1881 ka whakatau te kaipūtaiao a Alfred Newman ‘the disappearance of the race is scarcely subject for much regret. They are dying out in a quick, easy way, and are being supplanted by a superior race' (kāre he take o te pā pōuri atu ki te matenga atu o te Māori. Whai atu i tērā ka mea ia kei te mate wawe rātou, ā, kei te whakakīngia ō ratou tūranga e tētahi iwi rangatira ake).2 Heoi i te tau 1891 ka matapae te minita paremata a Tā Timi Kara ka kore tērā te pāheketanga o te taupori Māori i ōna anō whanaketanga ohangā.
Te waipuketanga o te Pākehā
Whai muri i te Tiriti ka waipukehia te motu e te hunga Pākehā. Ka mutu i te tau 1840 kotahi te Pākehā ki ngā Māori whā tekau te maha. Taka mai ki te tau 1860 kua ōrite te tokomaha, ā, nō te pokapū o te tekau tau 1870 kua whakamoanatia te Māori e te Pākehā. Whai muri i te tau 1874 kotahi tekau orau noa iho o te taupori o Aotearoa he Māori, ā, 10% ka noho pēnei mō te kotahi rautau.
Rironga whenua
Ko te hohoro o te tipu o te taupori Pākehā te take matua i whakaitia ai te taupori Māori – ka mutu ko ngā whenua Māori hoki te papa. Nō te tau 1860, e 65 orau o ngā whenua kei te Māori. I ngā pakanga o te tekau tau 1860 he nui ngā whenua ka raupatutia e ngā iwi i ātete i te Karauna. Nā ngā ture anō (pērā i ērā mō ngā mahi tūmatanui) ka riro atu anō he whenua Māori i mua i te tau 1906, heoi i te haere tonu tēnei mahi tae noa ki te tekau tau 1960.
Tangata maunga
I te tau 1874 e 20 orau te maha ake o ngā tāne Māori i ngā wāhine Māori. E ai ki ngā tohunga taupori o ēnei rā e pērā ai ngā taupori e kaha ana te auau mate. I te tau 1881 ka whakapae teka te kaipūtaiao a Alfred Newman he āhuatanga tēnei i waenganui i te ‘male children predominate in mountainous countries’ and that it was only recently ‘that the Maoris have dwelt on the plains (hunga tāne e noho ana ki ngā whenua pukepuke, ā, nō muri rawa mai kātahi ka puta ngā Māori ki ngā papatahi noho ai).3
Tatauranga mate, oranga hoki
He nui ngā pānga kino o te muru whenua ki te hauora Māori, tae rawa ki te hunga tamariki. I ngā rohe katoa i riro ai he whenua, ka piki ake anō ngā tatauranga mate hunga ririki, ā, he roa te tekau tau ka whakakorehia tēnei āhuatanga. I te tekau tau 1880 he teitei ake ngā mate Māori i era o te Pākehā – ā he teitei rawa ake i te wā i mua i te taenga mai o te Pākehā. Ko ngā tau oranga o tētahi kōtiro Māori i whānau mai i te tau 1880 kei te takiwā o te rua tekau tau. Ki te whakatauritehia ki te kōtiro Pākehā o taua wā, e rima tekau mā rima tau kē te nuinga o te oranga. He kino rawa mō te hunga tamariki – o ngā kōtiro Māori i whānau mai i te tekau tau 1890, e 40 orau ka mate i mua i te kotahi tau te pakeke.
Mōmonatanga ai
Ka heke anō te mōmonatanga whai hua o te Māori i te pokapū o te rautau 1800. Ka pā te mate whakatahe i ngā tahumaero hōu, te kore kai i te wā o te aitanga me te taenga mai o ngā tahumaero taihemahema. Nō te otinga o te rautau, kua tipu ngā ira ārai mate ki ngā tahumaero Pākehā.