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Kōrero: Take whenua – Māori land tenure

Whārangi 3: Whenua kite, take tipuna, raupatu

Whenua kite

Me kī, ko te tangata kite tuatahi i te whenua, ki a ia ngā tika whānui. Tapaina ai e ngā tūpuna ngā auahatanga whenua. Whakatapungia ai te whenua mā te whakarite ki te tinana o te rangatira. Kīia ai tēnei tikanga, ko te taunaha whenua, te tapatapa whenua rānei.

Hei tā Te Rangi Hīroa, i te ūnga o Te Arawa ki Maketū, ka tapaina e Tamatekapua tētahi mātārae ki tōna ihu, ā, tokorua atu ngā rangatira i tapa he whenua ki ō rāua puku.

Ka tohu a Tamatekapua ki te mātārae ki Maketū, me te kī, ‘Ka tapa e au ko Te Kūraetanga-o-te-ihu-o-Tamatekapua.’ Ka matika a Tia, ka tohu ki te takiwā o Rangiuru, ka tapa ki te takapū o tana tama a Tapuika. Whāia, ka tapa i a Hei te takiwā o Otawa ki te puku o tana tama, a Waitahanui-a-Hei. Mā tēnei tikanga ka whakatapua aua whenua, inarā, ko wai te tangata ka whakatō kūmara ki te ihu o Tamatekapua, ko wai hoki te tangata ka hanga whare ki runga i te puku o te rangatira? 1

I te tau 1847, ka puta te kōrero a te Kaiwahakawā Matua a Wiremu Mātene (William Martin) e kī ana, ‘Te āhua nei, kua oti e te Māori te taunaha i ngā moka katoa o ēnei moutere; tēnei karahiwi, tēnā whārua, tērā ngahere, kapi katoa i te taunahatanga.’ 2

Take tupuna

Nāwai ā, ka hanumi te take whenua kite ki te take tupuna. Mā te take tupuna kaha ake ai te kerēme a ngā uri whakaheke ki te whenua i nōhia tuatahitia e ō rātou tūpuna.

Mā te whakapapa e whakaatu ai i te take tupuna. Ka takina ngā ingoa o ngā tūpuna hei whakapūmau i ngā kerēme ki te whenua. Tērā hoki te tikanga o te ōhākī, arā, te tukutuku a te rangatira i ōna whenua i mua tata i te matenga.

Take raupatu

Tērā anō te take raupatu, arā, te patu, te takahi, te pana rānei i ngā tāngata tōmua ki te whenua. Heoi, ehara te take raupatu i te take tino pakari, pērā i te take tupuna. Hei ētahi wā ka whakamoe te iwi kaha ki te iwi poke, kia whai wāhi ai ngā tamariki ki te whenua mā te take raupatu me te take tupuna. Hei ētahi atu wā, ka hoki mai te iwi poke ki te whawhai i aua whenua.

Ringa kaha

Mā te ringa kaha hei pupuri i te whenua raupatu.

Whai muri i te toanga, ka whakaatu te iwi toa i tana nohonga tūturu ki te whenua. I te tau 1843, ka rangahau a Hōri Karaka (George Clarke) te kaitiaki matua mō ngā Māori, i ngā tika tuku iho a te Māori, me tana kī, kāore he take o te raupatu mēnā kāore te whenua i nōhia ā muri mai.

Ki mua Whai muri: Whārangi 4. Gift and occupation Whai muri
Footnotes
  1. Te Rangi Hīroa (Sir Peter Buck), The coming of the Māori. 2nd ed. Ōtautahi: Whitcombe and Tombs, 1974, wh. 55–56. › Back
  2. Mai i `Opinions of various authorities on native tenure.' Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1890, G-1, wh. 3. › Back

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārang

Paul Meredith, Take whenua – Māori land tenure – Whenua kite, take tipuna, raupatu, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/take-whenua/page-3 (accessed 4 June 2026).

He kōrero nā Paul Meredith, i tāngia i te 22 September 2012.