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Kōrero: Take whenua – Māori land tenure

Whārangi 2: Take whenua

He nui ngā take ki te whenua. Tērā ngā kōrero o te nūpepa Te Wānanga i te tau 1878:

... otiia he tini noa atu nga take e pa ai te Maori ki ana whenua, he parekura ka riro te whenua. He whenua hoatu hei whenua ma te kotiro moea e te tama i paingia e nga matua. He whenua tuku ma te tohunga mahi i te turoro, He whenua ma te ohu kai mo te hakari. He whenua riro mo te tupapaku i takoto ki te whenua iwi ke. He whenua riro mo te kohuru, me te mano noa atu o nga tikanga Maori e riro ai te whenua i te tangata ke. A he whenua ano, i kiia iho i te ra i poroaki iho ai te tupuna ranei te matua ranei, e muri nei, ma mea taku maara kumara ranei, maara taro ranei, taku Pakeha roi ranei. A he whenua ano nga whenua e tukua ana ma nga uri taane o nga kotiro i moe i te taane iwi ke. 1

Ngā tikanga take whenua

He rangatira a Rāpata Wahawaha nō Ngāti Porou. I te tekau tau atu i 1890 ka tuhi reta a ia ki a Te Pēhi (Elsdon Best), e whakamārama ana i ngā take whenua e 28 ki te whenua. Ka whakarōpū ēnei take ki ngā huinga e whā, arā, te:

  • whenua kite hou, te whenua tūhura
  • take tipuna me te ōhākī
  • take raupatu
  • take tuku.

Te ahi kā

Hei pupuri i ngā take ki te whenua, kei te kā ngā ahi o te iwi. E ai ki a Te Rangi Hīroa, ‘Kā ana ngā ahi tunu kai o te iwi, ka tohu i te mana whenua.’ 2

Take whenua me te Kōti Whenua Māori

Ehara i te mea ka tūturu te ū ki ngā tikanga me ngā take whenua – kei runga tonu i te āhua o te noho o tēnā iwi, o tēnā iwi, ka panoni ngā take me ngā tika ki te whenua.

Ka whakatūria te Kōti Whenua Māori i te tau 1865 ki te whakatau i ngā tika a te Māori ki te whenua i raro i ngā tikanga Māori. Me haere rā anō te Māori ki mua i te aroaro o te kōti me ā rātou kerēme, ka noho ngā kaiwhakawā Pākehā ki te whakamāori i ngā tikanga a te Māori. Rāwekeweke ai ngā kaiwhakawā i ngā tikanga, kia hinga kē ki te taha o ngā kerēme raupatu, whai muri ko ngā kerēme ahi kā. I whakaae hoki te kōti ki ngā kerēme a te hunga taitamariki, hāunga te mea kei wāhi kē e noho ana hei aha, hei whakataha i te tikanga o te ahi kā.

Ki mua Whai muri: Whārangi 3. Discovery, ancestral right and conquest Whai muri
Footnotes
  1. Te Wānanga 5, no. 1 (5 Hanuere 1878): 1–2. › Back
  2. Peter Buck, The coming of the Māori. 2nd ed. Otautahi: Whitcombe and Tombs, 1974, wh. 380. › Back

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārang

Paul Meredith, Take whenua – Māori land tenure – Take whenua, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/take-whenua/page-2 (accessed 4 June 2026).

He kōrero nā Paul Meredith, i tāngia i te 22 September 2012.