Whārangi 1: Haurongo
Broughton, Rangiāhuta Alan Herewini Ruka
1940–1986
Nō Ngā Rauru; he tohunga, he pirihi Mihinare, he pūkenga whare wānanga
I tuhia tēnei haurongo e Pou Temara, ā, i tāngia tuatahitia ki Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau i te 2000. He mea whakamāori nā Ngā Tangata Taumata Rau.
I whānau a Rangiāhuta Alan Herewini Ruka Broughton ki Whanganui i te 21 o Āperira i te tau 1940. Ko tōna matua ko Ruka Rākei Broughton o Ngāti Hine, he hapū nō Ngāti Ruanui; ko Rēhia Bella Toherangi Whiu tōna whaene, he wahine nō te hapū o Ngāti Maika o te iwi o Ngā Rauru. I tua atu i a Ruka, tokorua ā rāua tamariki; ko Toherangi, he tāne, ko Taihape, he wahine. Tau kē ana te pāmu a Ruka pāhake i te whenua o Rēhia i Ōkehu (Maxwell), i te raki o Whanganui.
I haere a Ruka tamaiti ki te kura o Ōkehu (Maxwell School), ki te kāreti hangarau o Whanganui (Whanganui Technical College), me te Kāreti o Te Aute (Te Aute College) i Te Matau-a-Māui (Hawke’s Bay). I reira ka puta tōna pai ki te purei i te piana me te ako i te reo Māori. I a ia e tamariki tonu ana, ka pū ki a ia te hiahia ki ngā kōrero tūpuna. Ko te mātāpuna o ōna tūmanako ko tōna kuia, ko Taihape Rimitiriu Te Hurahanga Unahi, he kuia i kite i ngā tāngata pēraka i a Tītokowaru, i a Te Whiti-o-Rongomai, i a Tohu Kākahi me Te Kooti. He kore i ngata nōna, i haere ia ki a Rākei Taituha Kīngi, he tohunga nō Ngā Rauru, i whakangungua rā ki tētehi o ngā whare wānanga o te awa o Whanganui. I te mea he tapu a Rākei, torutoru noa ngā tāngata e tata atu ana ki a ia, ā, kīhai i rerekē atu tōna whānau. Mihi rawa atu ia i tōna whiwhi i a Ruka, he tamaiti mahira hei hoa mōna, ka tīmata nei tana tuku atu i ana mōhio ki a ia. Akona ana hoki e ia a Ruka ki ngā kōrero tuku iho o Ngā Rauru, o Taranaki me Whanganui, ki ngā waiata, ki ngā whakapapa me ngā karakia, tae atu ki ngā mahi rākau a Tū-ka-riri. Ko te nuinga o ngā tātai ako i rāhuitia ki te rūma moe o Rākei i tōna whare i te marae o Pākaraka, kore rawa i wāhi kē atu o tōna whare. Nō muri rawa mai, ka whakatakotoria e Ruka he rino kōhatu nei ki tētehi tārua o tā rātou pāmu i Ōkehu; ka noho tēnei hei ahurewa mōna, hei wāhi whakatinana i ngā akoranga a Rākei i a ia. E ai ki tana kōrero, pārekareka katoa ia ko ngā mea tuatahi e āta whakarongo ana ki a ia ko ngā hipi me ngā kau o te pāmu.
Ahakoa kei hea te hui a Rākei haere ai ia me tana iwi o Ngā Rauru, i reira anō a Ruka. Nā te whakakīkī tonu a Rākei i tū ai a Ruka ki te whaikōrero i Ngāruawāhia. Ko tana whaikōrero tuatahi tēnei, tekau mā whā noa tōna pakeke. I reira ngā koroheke o Taranaki e kōhumuhumu, e tūmatakuru ana ki te whakahīhī rawa o te autaia nei, kei te tamariki tonu ka tū ki te marae o te Kīngi. Kāti, he wehi nō rātou i a Rākei i kore ai e taea e rātou te whakahē, te aha rānei.
Ka purenga haere tana kete i ngā kōrero me ngā whakapapa o Taranaki, ka piki te mōhio, ka whakarongohia e tōna nui, ahakoa te tamariki tonu. Nā taua mōhio ōna ka riro mai i a ia a Te Āwhiorangi tautiaki ai, arā, te toki tapu nāna i tārai a Aotea. Pērā anō te riro mai i a ia o te taiaha hiranga nei, o Panipanipoapoa, tae atu ki ngā patu me ētehi atu taonga o te ao kōhatu. Waiho katoa ana e ia ana taonga i roto i tētehi pouaka taonga maitai i tō rātou whare, ko Kaitarakihi te īngoa, i Ōkehu.
I te matenga o Rākei i te tau 1963, noho ana ko Ruka te tohunga me te mana o ngā kōrero tawhito o Ngā Rauru me Taranaki. Nō te Hāhi Rātana ōna mātua, ā, kawakawa katoa ana ki a rāua te whai kē nei o Ruka i ngā tikanga Māori, whai kē nei i a Rākei nāna nei tā rāua tama i ako ki ngā tikanga e papatu kē ana ki ngā akoranga o Rātana. Ahakoa tō rāua kore e pai, i mau tonu a Ruka ki tāna. Te mutunga atu, hei whakamārie i ō rātou whakaaro katoa, ko tana urunga atu tēnā ki te Hāhi Mihinare. I muri rawa mai, ka noho ko ia te parepare mō tona whaene i tōna hokonga i a Kaitarakihi me tā rātou pāmu. Ka hahua e Ruka te tama a tōna tupuna whaea i te urupā i te taha tonu o Kaitarakihi, ā, tanumia kētia ana e ia ki Pākaraka. He mea whakawātea anō hoki e ia ngā kōhatu o tana ahurewa, ā, i mua tata tonu i te hokonga atu o te pāmu, ka wāhia mai e ia te paepae o Kaitarakihi, hei tapahi i te here a tōna whānau ki te whenua.
I te 21 o Mei i te tau 1960, i Ōkehu, ka moe rāua ko Mary (Mere) Mereiwa Whakaruru o Ngāti Awa me Ngāti Kahungunu, he wahine i akona ki te karanga me te waiata. Kāore he tokorua i tua atu! Ka whakatōngia tā rāua pāharakeke, tokotoru ā rāua tama tāne, tokorua ngā mea wāhine, he kōrero Māori katoa.
I te tau 1961, ka tīmata tana ako i te whakaakoranga atua, ā, nō te tau 1966 ka noho ko ia te pirihi Māori tuatahi i whakawahia i roto i te Whare Karakia Nui o Pāora (St Paul’s Cathedral) i Pōneke (Wellington). Tekau mā rua tau a ia e noho pirihi ana i te pāriha Pākehā o Aorangi (Feilding), i Te Wairarapa, i Ōhakune me Pūtiki. I ēnei wāhi katoa, ka whakatōngia ake e rāua ko Mere te Māoritanga, ā, he karangatia tonutia rāua ki ngā hui mārae me ngā hui ā-iwi.
I Ōhakune, i tūtaki a Ruka ki a Rangimotuhia (Te Rangimotuhia Kātene rānei), te tohunga whakamutunga o te ao kōhatu o te awa o Whanganui. Noho ake ana rāua whakarau ai i ngā akoranga muna, i ngā tāhuhu kōrero, i ngā whakapapa me ngā whakamāramatanga e hāngai ana ki ngā karakia me ngā waiata aweko. I tētehi hui i Rānana i rere te wero a Rangimotuhia ki ngā mōhiotanga o Ruka. E whā hāora ngā tohunga nei e whakaaraara ana i ngā kōrero mō ngā waka, whakahua rawa rāua i ngā īngoa o ngā kaihoe, ā rātou hoe me ō rātou nohoanga. Anā kē atu anō hoki te whārahi o ngā whakapapa he mea whakaheke mai e rāua i ngā waka tae ake ki tēnei wā. Me kōrero rā te tohunga ka tika, ā, nō te mutunga o ā rāua kōrero, puta ana te mihi a Rangimotuhia mō te kaha tōtika o te tohungatanga o Ruka. Whakakīkītia ana e Ruka a Rangimotuhia (nā tōna tuakana, nā te tohunga rā nā Tamakehu Kātene a Rākei Kīngi i ako) kia tukua e ia ana mōhiotanga ki ngā tāngata o Te Maungārongo marae i Ōhakune.
Ki a Ruka, kāore he taupatupatu o tana noho pirihi mō te Hāhi Mihinare, me ngā whakapono o tana taha Māori, ka waiho nei hei take whiuwhiu kōrero mā ngā mea tonu o tōna pāriha, me ngā Māori hoki, he mahi wero tonu tā rātou mahi i a ia i ngā wā katoa. Nā konei i tīmata ai tana tango i tana kara minita i ngā wā e karakia Māori ana a ia. He tangata hotuhotu manawa nei a Ruka ki ngā waiata Māori tahito, ā, e hia hoki ngā waiata o tana puna. He kaitito waiata anō hoki a Ruka, ā, titoa ana e ia he waiata mā Te Herenga Waka Marae, arā, he waiata tonu mōna ka tata nei ia ki te mate. Kātahi kē te waiata whakahirahira ko tēnei!
Nō te tau 1975 i mutu mai tana mahi pirihi ka haere ki te mahi whakairo me te mahi rangahau kōrero i Whanganui. Ka rua tau i muri mai, arā, i te tau 1977, ka tīmata tana haere ki te kāreti takiura o Pōneke (Wellington Teachers’ College), ki te karaehe kōrero Māori mō te kotahi tau te roa. I taua tau anō i tīmata ai tana haere ki te Whare Wānanga o te Ūpoko o te Ika a Māui (Victoria University). I reira heipū ai te ahorangi mō ngā take Māori a Hirini Mead ki tana tino matatau ki te reo me ngā tikanga Māori, ka toua atu nei e ia he mahi pūkenga mā Ruka hei tīmata māna i te tau 1978. Ngātahi ana te tohea e Hirini, e Wiremu Paaka (Parker) me Ruka te kaupapa kia whakatūria he marae ki te whare wānanga. I te tau 1985 ka whakaaetia mai. Nā Ruka rā ngā kōrero whakatauira i ngā whakairoiro mō te whare nui. Kāore a ia i kite i te huakanga o taua whare i Tīhema o te tau 1986.
I taua wā anō, ka whakaoratia ake e ia ngā karakia Māori kia hōrapa ki te motu me te ao. I a Waikato anake e mau ana taua mahi. Tutū ana i a ia te puehu nō muri i kī nei ia me waiho ake te whakapono Karaitiana ki rahaki, ka hoki anō ki ngā atua Māori. Ki tana whakaaro kāore he hua ki ngā Māori i puta i ngā whakapono i takia mai ki konei, ā, he aha hoki te hē o te hoki anō ki ngā whakapono o te Māori onamata rā. Hohoro tonu te tautoko a ngā ākonga o ngā whare wānanga me ngā rōpūpū iwi iti nei o Whanganui, o Taranaki me te rohe mai i Ngā Kurī-a-Whārei ki Tihirau (Bay of Plenty). Ka noho tēnei kaupapa hei take taupatupatu mā te iwi Māori tae atu ki te hunga whakarae o ngā hāhi tūturu. I ngā whakakitenga o Te Māori i huri haere rā i te Hononga o Amerika i te tau 1984, ka kaha kē atu te whānui atu o taua kaupapa; nō taua wā i tau ai te whakaae ki ngā karakia Māori tuku iho, hei karakia tīmata i te mahi whakatau i ngā whakanōhanga a te Māori rāua ko te Pākehā i te tākiri o te ata. Ko ia tētehi o ngā tohunga whakatuwhera i te whakakitenga i Te Māori i New York. Nāna hoki te kawa pure i te whakatuwheratanga o Pipitea marae i Pōneke me te maha atu o ngā marae huri noa i te motu.
I te tau 1979, ka riro nā Ruka i whakahaere tētahi purenga i te marae o Te Maungārongo, ko te kaupapa he whakamātautau i ētehi tauira tokorua ki te mau taiaha. Tū mai ana a Ruka ki te whakatakoto i ōna tohungatanga, i puta nei ia hei kaiwhakaako. Kōrerotia ana hoki e ia tōna pānga ki a Rākei Kīngi, me tana tātai mai anō hoki i te whakapapa o Rākei ki te tipuna o ngā tauira e whakamātautia ana. Whakahaerea ana e ia tana whakamātautau, ka whakamutua nei e ia ki te purenga tawhito. Inarā i a ia e tuku ana i ngā karakia ka whakarukua e ia ngā tokorua nei ki te awa ka mau kē nei te kaha mātao. He maha nei ngā mārena nāna i whakahaere i raro i ngā tikanga Māori.
Kāore i ārikarika tana kohinga pukapuka, arā, ana tuhinga tahito tae atu ki ngā pukapuka whakapapa. Nā te tapu, wehi o aua tūmomo pukapuka ki ngā whānau Māori i kore ai rātou i hiahia ki te pupuru, koa kē ana rātou ki te hoatu mā Ruka. I te tau 1979 ka riro mai i a Ruka tana tohu MA mō tana tuhinga whakapae mō Ngā Rauru, he mea tuhi katoa e ia ki te reo Māori o Taranaki. E whakaoti ana ia i tana tuhinga whakapae mō Tītokowaru e riro mai ai te tohu kairangi, ka pāngia a ia e te māuiui. Nō te tau 1993 ka tāia ā-murimatetia aua kōrero.
Nō te tau 1978 i wehe tūturu ai rāua ko Mere, ā, i te 19 o Tīhema o te tau 1979, i Wainuiomata, i moe ai rāua ko Dolly Sadie Matewhiu Pene (ko Morgan te īngoa takakau), he wahine nō Te Arawa. Tokorua ā rāua tamāhine. Nō te 17 o Āperira o te tau 1986 i mate ai a Ruka i tō rāua kāinga i Wainuiomata. Ka mahue pouaru iho tana wahine a Dolly me āna tamariki tokowhitu. He wā poto e takoto ana ia i Te Herenga Waka, ka whakahokia ki Pākaraka kia tangihia e te tini, e te mano. He mea tanu tonu ia ki Pākaraka. He hāora nei i mua i tōna matenga i inoi a ia ki te kainga tahitanga.