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Kōrero: Haddon, Ōriwa Tahupōtiki

Whārangi 1: Haurongo

Ngā whakaahua me ngā rauemi katoa o tēnei kōrero

Haddon, Ōriwa Tahupōtiki

1898–1958

Nō Ngāti Ruanui; he minita Wēteriana, he kaitaka rongoā, he pūkenga toi, he kaipāho

I tuhia tēnei haurongo e Peter J. Lineham, ā, i tāngia tuatahitia ki Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau i te 1998. He mea whakamāori nā Ngā Tangata Taumata Rau.

I whānau a Eruera Ōriwa (Edward Oliver) Haddon – nō muri iho i mōhiotia whānuitia ko Ōriwa Tahupōtiki Haddon – ki Waitōtara, ki Taranaki ki te tonga, i te 7 o Noema i te tau 1898. Ko te mea pakeke ia o ngā tama a te minita Wēteriana Māori, a Robert Tahupōtiki Haddon o Ngāti Ruanui, rāua ko tana wahine ko Huihana (Susan) Haerehau Shelford o Te Hokianga. Nā tōna whanaunga o Parihaka, nā Tohu Kākahi a Tahupōtiki Haddon i ako ki ngā kōrero tawhito, heoi anō nā ngā whakaawe a T. G. Hammond, te mihinare Wēteriana, i whakauru ia hei minita Wēteriana. I te wā e tamariki tonu ana a Ōriwa e minita ana a Tahupōtiki ki ngā Māori o Taranaki ki te tonga, ki te whakamāriri i a rātou ki te kaupapa Karaitiana me te ao Pākehā. I Ōkaiawa me Matariki (Normanby) a Ōriwa e kura ana, kātahi ka riro atu ia ki Paerata (Wesley College) i Te Tātua (Three Kings) i Tāmaki-makau-rau (Auckland) i te tau 1914.

Nō te takiwā o te tau 1919, i whakawhiti atu ai a Ōriwa me ētehi o tōna whānau ki te Kotahitanga o Amerika, he mahi whakahaere kōnohete kauwhau haere hoki te mahi. Takahaere ana rātou i te whenua, e whai ana i ngā huringa o Chautauqua me Lyceum, e whāranu ana i ngā kauwhau, i ngā mahi whare tapere me ngā mahi ngahau, i whakakitea e rātou ki reira. I whai kupu a Ōriwa ki ngā minenga iwi mō te āhua noho o te Māori me ā rātou tikanga. Tērā tētehi wahine o tō rātou tira ka rawe kē nei ki te patu piana, ko Ruihi Moringa (Marianga) Reupena te īngoa, nō Whanganui, ā, nō te 12 o Hepetema o te tau 1920 i moe ia i a Ōriwa i Billings, i te takiwā ki Montana. Tokowhā ā rāua tamariki, he tāne katoa.

I a Ōriwa e noho ana i Amerika, e ai ki te kōrero i whakauru atu pea ia ki tētehi kura e ako ana i te mātauranga taka rongoā ahumahi. Whāia nō tana hokinga mai, tērā pea he wā potopoto nei ia e mahi kēmihi ana i Whanganui; hoi anō kāre i roa, ka whai ia i tētehi kē atu anō oranga mōna. Nō te tau 1922, i whakaaetia a ia hei ākonga mā te minitatanga Wēteriana. Te āhua nei, ko tōna hiahia he haere ki ngā Motu Horomona (Solomon Islands) ki reira minita ai. Nā te pāngia o Moringa e te mate, i taki noho ai rāua ki Gonville i te takiwā o Whanganui i te tau 1925, ko tāna he tiaki mārika i te taha wairua o te iwi Māori. Nō te 4 o Pēpuere 1926, i mate ai a Moringa ki Pūtiki, ā, tae rawa ake ki te 16 o Pēpuere, i Whanganui, moea ana e Ōriwa a Maaki Rakapa Taiaroa o Ngāi Tahu ki Whanganui. He mea whakarite tō rāua mārenatanga hei whakawhanaunga i a Ngāti Ruanui rāua ko Ngāi Tahu. I te wā i moe nei rāua, tokowhā ā rāua tamāhine, tokotoru ā rāua tama. Nō te tau 1926 i whakatūria a Ōriwa hei mihinare mō Kawakawa.

Nō te taenga ki te tau 1927, kua ū kē te mōhio ko Tahupōtiki Haddon te minita Māori matua o te Hāhi Wēteriana, ā, he mea whakaae hoki kia puritia tonutia e ia ngā paihere ki te Hāhi Rātana, ahakoa te kaha mai o te riri o ētehi atu o ngā Hāhi. Ā, hei tohu māna i te take nei, tonoa atu ana e ia a Ōriwa rāua ko Maaki ki te pā o Rātana noho ai, kia riro mā rāua te whakahaere o te kura o reira. Tīmata ake ana i konei te piri roa o rāua ki te kaupapa Rātana. E hia kē nei ngā tau i noho pērā tonu rāua, me te manaaki anō hoki i a T. W. Rātana mō te taha ki ngā mahi hēkeretari, ahakoa tā rāua noho hei Meroiti tonu. Nā Ōriwa i whakakoi ōna mōhiotanga ki te whaikōrero, ā, nō muri iho, i hau ai te rongo mō tōna rawe ki te whaikōrero i runga marae. Nō te tau 1930 i hoki atu ai a Ōriwa rāua ko Maaki ki Whanganui, ā, tērā pea nō te tau 1931 he mahi taka rongoā te mahi a Ōriwa. Ko te wā tonu hoki tēnei e rapu ana te mīhana Wēteriana Māori ki te whakaiti i ngā utu o wā rātou whakahaere.

Nō taua wā tonu, i tino hiahia kē ia ki te īngoa o Ōriwa Tahupōtiki Haddon hei īngoa mōna. I roto i ngā mahi toi, hau ana hoki tōna rongo; koirā i rewa ai te pānui a Pat Lawlor mōna i roto i tana pukapuka New Zealand Artists Annual, i pēnei rā ana kupu: 'Anei tā tātou tangata, te tino kitenga o te tau 1929.' Ko tana kōrero pūrākau whakaata, ko 'Tiki of the dawn', i tāia tonutia ki roto i te Annual o taua tau. Nō te tau 1933, i tonoa ia e te Poari Kaitiaki Māori o Taranaki (Taranaki Māori Trust Board) ki te peita i tētehi pikitia e whakaatu ana i te hainatanga o te Tiriti o Waitangi i te tau 1840. Nō te tau 1934 i tukua atu ai te pikitia nei ki te Kāwana Tianara, ki a Rōre Bledisloe, ā, he mea whakairi atu hoki ki roto i te Whare Tiriti i Waitangi.

Nō muri tonu mai i te whakaīngoatanga o Colin Scrimgeour – he minita Wēteriana nei ia i tōna wā – hei tumuaki whakahaere i te tari pāho hoko o te motu (National Commercial Broadcasting Service) i te tau 1936, whakatūria ana e ia a Ōriwa ki tētahi tūranga i te teihana reo irirangi o 2ZB i Te Ūpoko-o-te-Ika. Ko ia rā tētehi o te tira kaipāho Māori nā Scrimgeour i kōkohu. Puta ana te rongo o Ōriwa mō ana pānui i ngā kōrero Māori tuku iho o tuawhakarere, i ngā pūrākau me ngā whiti waiata. Nāna anō tana rārangi mahi i pānui ko te 'Wāhanga Māori o Ōriwa' ('Ōriwa's Māori Session'); tērā atu anō ngā mahi pāho i whai wāhi atu ia, tae atu ki te teihana tītaka haere nei, ki 5ZB, kua oti nei te āta whakanoho ki runga waka rerewē, pāho ai.

Nō te takanga ki te wā o te Pakanga Tuarua o Te Ao, ka huri anō te āhua o te mahi oranga a Ōriwa, ka whakauru nei ia ki te taua rererangi, ā, i whakatūria rā ia hei kaiwhakatikatika waka rererangi matua. Nā runga i ana haere ki ngā moutere o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, ka nuku atu tana toa mō te mahi toi, he mahi e kaha tautoko tonutia anō hoki e te minenga. Nō te tau 1940, i puta tana pikitia a 'Hine Kohu and Uenuku', nāna i mahi ki te pene me te tae, ā, he mea whakaatu rā ki roto i te whakakitenga o te motu mō te rau tau o ngā mahi toi a Aotearoa (National Centennial Exhibition of New Zealand Art). He mea whakamahi anō hoki ia e te Tari Tūruhi, Wāhi Hauora me ngā Whakaaturanga (Department of Tourist and Health Resorts and Publicity), ki te mahi i ētehi pikitia, he mea peita ki te hinu, hei whakanui i te rau tau. Ko tētehi o ana pikitia, ko 'Māori Mythology' i puta i roto i te whakakitenga o ngā mahi a ngā pūkenga toi mau kākahu hōia (New Zealand Artists in Uniform) i te tau 1944. E hia kē nei hoki ngā pikitia i mahia e ia mō ngā pukapuka me ngā puka maheni.

Mai anō i te tīmatanga o te tekau tau atu i 1930, i whai wāhi a Ōriwa ki ngā take tōrangapū a te Rōpū Reipa. I te tau 1934 ko ia tētehi o rātou – he rōpū Māori paku nei e tautoko ana i a Reipa – i ngana ki te hanga i tētehi nūpepa Māori mō te motu; kāre i tutuki. Nō muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, i tana hokinga mai ki te haukāinga, nā ōna hononga ki a Rātana, i tonoa ia kia whakauru atu ki tētehi rōpū Mema Pāremata a te Rōpū Reipa me Rātana, kia tahuri ai rātou ki te hanga i te pire e mōhiotia ana i te rā nei, ko te Ture Toko i te Ora me te Pai mō te Iwi Māori (Māori Social and Economic Advancement Act) o 1945. Nō taua wā, i meinga ia hei hēkeretari mō te motu i te kaunihera tohutohu Māori o te Rōpū Reipa, ā, nāna i ētita tā rātou tānga pukapuka, The Māori way of life o 1946. Nā te tūranga nei, i tae ai ia ki ngā pitopito e whā o te motu; me te aha, nā te rongonui ōna ki te whaikōrero i runga marae i pai ai te haere.

He aha rā, nō te tau 1948, i unu mārika a Ōriwa i tana hononga ki ngā Mema Pāremata Rātana, ā, whakarērea ana e ia te Rōpū Reipa. E ai pea ki tāna, e pākarukaru haere kē ana te kaupapa Rātana, me te kore e whakaaro o te Rōpū Reipa ki ngā Mema Māori, ina rā korekore rawa tētehi Māori kotahi i whiwhi i tētehi tūranga whakahaere. I whakamātau anō ia ki te whakatū i tētehi rōpū tōrangapū Māori wehe kē mai i a Rātana; kāre i tutuki. Heoi anō, nā ana whakakorikoringa, i mea ake ētehi kia whakarerekētia te hanga o te kaunihera tohutohu Māori, me te whakakaha anō hoki i te taha whakatū māngai mō te whakahaere.

Nō muri iho i haere atu ai a Ōriwa ki Whakatū (Nelson) noho ai, ā, i mutu ai āna mahi tōrangapū. Nōna i reira, ka whakamahia ia ki te peita pikitia, utua rawatia hoki. He mea māmā noa iho ki a ia te waihanga i ngā mahi, me te whakatakatū i ngā tohu Māori kia pai ai ki te kanohi Pākehā. Mōhio whānuitia ana hoki ia mō te maha o ana pikitia rahi tonu nei, e mau mai ana ngā tohu Māori, he mea whakakotahi ki te momo whakaahua mata o te ao Pākehā whānui. E waru rawa ngā pikitia nāna i peita mō te hōtēra Commercial i Waiharakeke i te taha o Ōpawa awa (Blenheim), e kōrero ana i ngā hītori mō taua takiwā, mai i te taenga mai o Kāpene Kuki (James Cook) ki nāianei, ko waengarahi e whakaatu ana i te whakamātautanga kia mau hereheretia a Te Rauparaha i Tuamarino (Tuamarina). Nō te hekenga ki Utiku whakatā ai, ka tīmata tana peita i ngā pikitia pakitara mō te rōpū mō ngā hōia mōrehu (Returned Services Association), nā rātou anō i tono mai. Nō te 17 o Hune o te tau 1958 i mate ai a Ōriwa Haddon ki Taihape, he mea aituā i te motukā. Nō te nehunga, whakahokia atu ana ki Taranaki, ki te urupā Māori i Ōkaiawa. Ka mahue iho ko āna tamariki tekau mā tahi me tana wahine tuarua, he noho tonu tana mahi ki te kāinga ka haere nei tana tāne i āna haere huri noa i te motu.

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Peter J. Lineham. 'Haddon, Ōriwa Tahupōtiki', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1998. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/4h2/haddon-oriwa-tahupotiki (accessed 29 March 2024)