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Kōrero: Te Maiharoa, Hipa

Whārangi 1: Haurongo

Te Maiharoa, Hipa

?–1885/1886?

Nō Ngāi Tahu; he kaiārahi, he tohunga matakite

I tuhia tēnei haurongo e Ross Somerville, ā, i tāngia tuatahitia ki Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau i te 1990. He mea whakamāori nā Ngā Tangata Taumata Rau.

Tētahi īngoa atu anō o Te Maiharoa, ko Hipa. E ai ki ngā kōrero, i whānau ia i Te Wai-a-Te Ruatī, i te rohe o Arowhenua, e tata ana ki Te Umukaha (Temuka) i ngā tau tīmatanga o te rau tau 1800–1899. Ko tōna matua ko Te Rehi-oriori; ko tōna whaea, ko Kokiro. Tātaki ai ia i tōna whakahekenga i te taha ki tōna whaea, ka hoki atu ki a Te Rākaihautu me ngā iwi o Waitaha o Te Waipounamu. Kei te taha ki a Te Rehioriori, ka pā a Te Maiharoa ki a Ngāti Huirapa, he hapū nō Ngāi Tahu, hei whanaunga anō hoki ki a Ngāti Māmoe.

He iti noa iho ngā rongo mō Te Maiharoa i a ia e tamariki ana; ēngari, e kīia ana he tangata hāpai karakia, he tangata mārama ki ngā tikanga o Waitaha, o Ngāti Māmoe, me Ngāi Tahu. Tae rawa ake ki te tau 1857, kua mōhio ia ki te kōrero pukapuka, ki te tuhituhi, ā, kua pēnei tonu he mema ia nō te Hāhi Mihinare, ahakoa pea, kāore anō ia kia iriiritia. He mahi pāmu tāna mahi i Te Wai-a-Te Ruatī. Tokotoru ngā wāhine a Te Maiharoa; tokowhā pea ana tamariki. Ko Rutaki te whaea o Tiriata. Ko Hinewaiari (i mate pea i mua atu i te tau 1857) te māmā o Pii rāua ko Makii (i roto i ngā tuhituhinga, ko ētahi o ōna īngoa ko Kehi), ā, ko te whaea o Taare Te Maiharoa ko Kahuti. Na, i te tau 1859, nā Te Maiharoa i tautoko te whakaaritanga i a Horomona Pōhio hei āteha. Ko ētahi o āna mahi he momo kaiwhakawā i roto i tōna rohe. Ko Te Maiharoa tētahi o ngā tāngata i tono kia whakanōhia he tākuta ki reira.

I ngā tekau tau mai i 1860, ka haria mai e Piripi, he kaiwhakaako i te hāhi Kaingārara, tēnei kaupapa ki Arowhenua. I ako a Te Maiharoa i te taha o Piripi, ā, ka noho ia hei tohunga mō tēnei whakapono hou kei roto rā ētahi āhuatanga Karaitiana, tae atu hoki ki ō te Māori whakapono. I puta anō ōna rongo poropiti; i a ia hoki ngā karakia whakanoa i ngā taonga me ngā wāhi tapu. E kīia ana, he maha ngā merekara i whakaritea e ia.

Nā te whakamāori a te kāwanatanga i ngā rohe o Ngā Pākihi-whakatekateka-a-Waitaha (Canterbury Plains), i hokona mai e rātou i te tau 1848, me te takitahi noa iho o ngā rāhui i waiho iho mō rātou, ka noho te pōuri ki a Ngāi Tahu. Ko te rironga atu o tō rātou whenua rāhui i Hakataramea i te tau 1868, ka noho anō hoki tēnei āhuatanga hei take whakararuraru i ā rātou kerēme ki te tuawhenua o Te Waipounamu. Nā te kaha o Te Maiharoa ki te hiki ake i te mana Māori kia mau tonu ai te whenua, ka tapaina tōna īngoa, ko Patuwhenua, nō te mea he mahi kāore i whai hua. I te marama o Hune, i te tau 1877, i ārahina e ia tana iwi ki te riu o Waitaki, ki te whakatū kāinga hou mō rātou i Te Ao Mārama, e pātata ana ki Ōmārama. Nuku atu i te kotahi rau rātou i haere me ō rātou hōiho, ā rātou kurī, taonga kai, aha ake, aha ake. I tiritiria e rātou te whenua, ka hangaia ngā kāinga me tētahi whare nui mō ngā karakia a Te Maiharoa. Ka whakatūria hoki e rātou he Whare Wānanga. Kāore i pai ki te iwi Pākehā o reira, arā, ngā tāngata whāngai kararehe, te whakanoho kāinga a Te Maiharoa rātou ko tōna iwi. Ka titiro whakamataku atu ki a ia. He hiahia nōna kia kaua tōna iwi e riro i te Pākehā, kāore ia i whakaae ki a tauiwi kua tau mai ki tana kāinga. I noho motuhake te poropiti i te iwi; he tapu nōna. Ko ōna māngai kōrero ki te ao, ko Horomona Pōhio me ētahi atu. Nā ngā whakapae a ngā tāngata whāngai kararehe, i te marama o Oketopa 1878, kei te tūkinotia ā rātou hipi e te kurī, ā, i te āhua kino hoki o te iwi o Te Maiharoa ki a rātou, ka haere a Pōhio me tana tama a Tūwhare, ki Pōneke (Wellington), ki te kōkiri i tā rātou take ki te minita mō ngā take Māori, ki a Hōne Hīhana (John Sheehan) mō tō rātou mana ki te whenua.

I whakakāhoretia e Hīhana ngā kerēme a Ngāi Tahu, ā, i te tau 1878, i te marama o Noema, ka haere ia ki Te Ao Mārama. Ka whakahaua e ia a Te Maiharoa me tōna iwi kia hoki ki ngā papa kāinga i rāhuitia mō te Māori. Nō te korenga o Te Maiharoa i whakarongo ki a ia, ka tonoa ko Hōri Kerei Taiaroa (te Mema Pāremata mō Te Tonga), e manawapā rawa atu ana ki a Te Maiharoa, kia riro māna te kōrero whakamutunga. I mea a Taiaroa, he pai kē ake te waiho mā te Kōmihana Hoko Whenua Māori mō Te Waipounamu (te kōmihana a Smith rāua ko Nairn), i whakatūria i te marama o Maehe 1879, hei whakatau i ngā kerēme a Ngāi Tahu, tēnā i te noho haere tonu i runga i te whenua. I te marama o Āperira, ka haere a Taiaroa ki Te Ao Mārama, ki te kōrero atu ki a Te Maiharoa me tōna iwi, ēngari kāore i arongia tana inoi.

Nā ngā amuamu a ngā tāngata whāngai kararehe o muri mai, ka tonoa atu e Hīhana, 12 ngā pirihimana mau pū, i raro i te tumuaki o te kaititiro pirihimana, i a Andrew Thompson, i Ōamaru, ki te pana i a Te Maiharoa me tōna iwi. I te 11 o Ākuhata 1879, ka tae ngā pirihimana me te rōpū āwhina i a rātou o te iwi kāinga, ki Te Ao Mārama, ka hoatu e 48 hāora, hei whakatahitanga mā Te Maiharoa me tōna iwi i te whenua. He wā poto i mau hereheretia a Rāwiri Te Maire; kei pakaru ngā riri, nā te hokinga o Te Maiharoa me tōna iwi ki te tai moana i tau ai te rangimārie.

I whakanoho kāinga hou a Te Maiharoa i Korotuaheka i te taha tonga o te kōngutu awa o Waitaki. Ka hangaia anō he whare karakia, me tētahi whare rūnanga; ka whakaarahia anō hoki he Whare Wānanga. I muri i te whakakoretanga i te kōmihana a Smith rāua ko Nairn i te tau 1881, ka petihana anō a Te Maiharoa me tōna iwi ki te kāwanatanga, kia tirotirohia anō te hokonga o Ngā Pākihi-whakatekateka-a-Waitaha, ā, kia whakanuia hoki te rahi o ngā whenua i rāhuitia. I mate a Te Maiharoa i Korotuaheka i te tau 1885, i 1886 rānei, ā, kei reira ia e tāpuke ana i nāianei. I mate a Kahuti i Te Ao Mārama; ko Rutaki i mate i Korotuaheka i te tau 1890.

Kei te mau tonu ngā kōrero mō Te Maiharoa; arā anō ētahi i kōrerotia e tana tama e Taare, me ētahi o ana ākonga, ki ngā kai kohikohi kōrero, pēnei i a Herries Beattie nei. He kore nō te kāwanatanga i aro ki ngā kerēme Māori, ka kore he hua o tana whai kia mau te mana Māori motuhake, kia hoki mai ngā whenua i murua rā. Kua riro ko ana mahi hei whakaū, hei whakakaha i a Ngāi Tahu kia whakatikatikaina ō rātou whenua.

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Ross Somerville. 'Te Maiharoa, Hipa', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1990. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/1t48/te-maiharoa-hipa (accessed 28 March 2024)