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Kōrero: Pōmare, Wiremu Piti

Whārangi 1: Haurongo

Pōmare, Wiremu Piti

?–1851

Nō Ngāti Mutunga; he rangatira

I tuhia tēnei haurongo e Angela Ballara, ā, i tāngia tuatahitia ki Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau i te 1990. He mea whakamāori nā Ngā Tangata Taumata Rau.

Ko tētahi o ngā īngoa o Pōmare ko Pōmare Ngātata. I whānau a ia i ngā tau tuatahi o te rau tau 1800–1899. Ko te whakaaro e 30 tōna pakeke i te tau 1834. Kāore i te mōhiotia ngā īngoa o ōna mātua. Ko te pēnei ko tōna kāwai i heke mai i a Piritaka, he rangatira nō Ngāti Kura, he karangatanga hapū o Ngāti Mutunga. He whanaunga tata a ia ki a Ngātata-i-te-rangi o Ngāti Te Whiti me Ngāti Tāwhirikura, he hapū nō Te Āti Awa. Ko tana wahine ko Tawhiti, he irāmutu nā Te Rauparaha o Ngāti Toa. Tokotoru ā rāua tamariki. Ko ngā whenua tupu o Ngāti Mutunga e hono atu ana ki ngā whenua o Ngāti Tama, e toro atu ana mō te 14 māero ki te taha raki o Waitara i Taranaki, ā, ka ahu atu ki Mōkau.

I a Pōmare e tamariki tonu ana, ka puta he pakanga i waenganui i ngā iwi whakaeke o Ngāti Toa me Waikato. I ngā whakahekenga o muri mai i te hinganga o Waikato i Motunui, me kī i te tau 1822, ko ētahi wāhanga o Ngāti Mutunga me Ngāti Tama i uru atu ki te hekenga o ngā tāngata o Taranaki ki Kapiti. Ko Pōmare rātou ko Ngātata, ko Te Poki me ētahi atu i uru ki te hekenga o te iwi e kīia ana ko Te Heke Nihoputa ki Waikanae i te tau 1824. I te tau i muri mai ka haere a Ngāti Mutunga ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Wellington Harbour). I noho a Pōmare i raro i a Ngātata i te awa o Kumutoto; ka hangaia he pā, ka turakina te ngahere kia wātea hei māra mahinga kai. Ko te tangata whenua o Te Whanganui-a-Tara i taua wā, ko Ngāti Ira; ā, kāore e kore nā Pōmare i āwhina a Te Poki me Patukawenga, ngā rangatira mātāmua o Ngāti Mutunga, ki te pana i a Ngāti Ira ki waho.

I te tau 1831, hei utu mō tō rātou hinga i Motunui, ka horo ki a Waikato te pā o Pukerangiora i Waitara. I muri i tēnei aituātanga, he maha anō o Taranaki i piki ki te taiwhakarunga. Nā ngā noho kino i waenganui i a rātou ko Ngāti Raukawa, ka puta te pakanga i Haowhenua i te tau 1834. I reira ka mate te teina o Pōmare, a Te Wakatīwai. Kātahi ka tūkinotia e ngā tuākana o Tawhiti te rua nehu o Te Wakatīwai, kia riro mai ai i a rātou he momo tupeka paipa, ko negro-head te īngoa, i tanumia ki te taha o te tūpāpaku. I te kaha riri o Pōmare mō tēnei takatakahitanga i te tapu, ka panaia e ia tana wahine me te tokorua o ā rāua tamariki, arā, ko te pōtiki me tō runga ake. I tēnei wā ka moea e ia a Hera Waitāoro, te tamāhine a Te Manu-toheroa o Ngāti Toa, hei wahine tuarua māna. I whakamātau a Rangi Topeora, te tuahine o Te Rangihaeata o Ngāti Toa, ki te hohou i te rongo i waenganui i a Pōmare me Tawhiti, me te tuku anō hoki i tana tamāhine, i a Rākapa Kahoki, me tētahi atu kōtiro anō hei wahine mā Pōmare, ēngari, kāore i paingia e Pōmare.

I hua te whakaaro ki ngā kaiārahi o Ngāti Mutunga me Ngāti Tama, kātahi tonu nei ka taieritia mai i Te Wairarapa, kia whakarērea te tuawhenua, ka ahu ki Rēkohu (Chatham Islands). Ko ētahi o ngā Māori i haere i te taha o H. Parker ki reira i te tau 1833, i pānui i te pai me te maha o te ora i Rēkohu, ā, ko te tangata whenua o reira he iwi kore mau rākau. I hē te whakaaro a Ngāti Tama rāua ko Ngāti Mutunga, ko Wharekauri te īngoa Māori o Rēkohu. I te ūnga mai o te kaipuke, te Lord Rodney ki Pōneke (Port Nicholson) i te 26 o Oketopa 1835, ka tīmata ngā mahi whakawhitiwhiti taonga i runga i te rangimārie; ēngari, e whā rā noa iho i muri mai, ka hopukina ngā hēramana, ka whakahaua e ngā rangatira a Kāpene Harewood ki te hari i a rātou ki Rēkohu i tō rātou wehi kei whakamatea rātou e ngā iwi kairiri ina noho rātou. E hia nei ngā rā i muri iho e whakakīia ana te kaipuke ki te taewa, ki te wai hoki. Ko te rahi o ngā rīwai, e 70 tana. I whakaaetia e ngā kaihautū kia patua, kia totea e 20 ngā poaka, ka hoatu ki te rangatira o te kaipuke, ki a Kāpene Harewood.

I te wā e mahia ana ēnei mahi, ka hui ngā rangatira o ngā hapū i Matiu (Somes Island), ka whakatauria kia tukuna ō rātou whenua i Waiwhetū me Pito-one (Petone) ki a Matangi o Ngāti Te Whiti. Nā Hēmi Pārai o Ngāti Haumia i kokoraho ngā mahinga kai i te taha tonga o Ngāūranga. Ko Te Aro i tukuna e Ngātata rāua ko Pōmare ki te iwi o Hēmi Pārai. I te 14 o Noema 1835, ka wehe atu te kaipuke a Lord Rodney me ōna pāhihi e 600. Kotahi rau o ēnei i heke i te kūrae o Kākāriki (Seatoun); ka mau hereheretia kī taurangitia e rātou te tumuaki tuarua o te kaipuke. E toru rā i muri iho, ka ū te kaipuke ki Rēkohu. I te tukutanga i ngā pāhihi me ngā uta ka rere anō te kaipuke ki Pōneke. He maha ngā rangatira i tēnei haerenga. I te haerenga tuaruatanga i te 30 o Noema, ka haria he ope anō. Kātahi, ka tukuna te tumuaki tuarua, ā, ka utua ki a Kāpene Harewood, he rīwai, he poaka, he pū, he paura pū me ētahi atu rākau patu.

I whakatauria e ngā rangatira kia kaua te whenua i Rēkohu e rohea kia hoki mai rā anō rātou. Otirā, kāore a Ngāti Tama i whakarongo; tangohia ana e rātou te rohe i Waitangi. Kātahi ka haongia e Ngāti Mutunga, a Kēkerewai (he wehenga nō Ngāti Mutunga) me Ngāti Haumia, he wāhanga o ngā toenga whenua mō tēnā, mō tēnā o rātou, ā, ka whakamōkaitia ngā Moriori. Ko te ope tuarua i tae atu kāore i whiwhi whenua mō rātou ake. Nā te ope tuatahi i tuku kia noho ki ō rātou whenua, otirā, kīhai rātou i whai pānga ki aua whenua. I ēnei whakataunga katoa kore rawa ngā Moriori i whakaarohia. Ko ngā mea i Waitangi tata tonu ka ngaro ki te korehāhā. Ahakoa e 2,000 pea te tokomaha o ngā iwi o Rēkohu i te tau 1835, me kī 160–200 i patua e ngā Māori i whakaeke ki Rēkohu.

I riro mai i a Pōmare te tūnga rangatira mātāmua o Patukawenga i te tau 1836–37. Kāore ia i pai kia noho a Ngāti Tama i Waitangi nō te mea i aukatia mai tōna iwi ake i ngā mahi hokohoko ki te hunga patu tohorā, ki ngā taunga kaimoana hoki. Ka tipu te kino i waenganui i ngā iwi whakaeke. He maha rātou i tīmata ki te whakatakoto kaupapa ki te hiki atu ki te motu i Norfolk, i Hāmoa (Samoa) rānei. I hē te whakapae, arā, nā Pōmare rāua ko Ngāti Mutunga i tango te waka hopu tohorā nei o ngā Wīwī, a te Jean Bart. Kātahi ka taiparatia e te manuao Wīwī, e te Cécille, ngā kāinga me ngā waka o ngā iwi i reira e noho ana. Ehara kē nā te whakatuma a te Māori i riro ai a te Jean Bart ēngari nā te putanga kē o te maurirere i te Wīwī. Ko te pūtake o te raruraru nei he totohe nō Ngātuna, te rangatira o Waitangi, kia hokohoko a te Jean Bart ki tōna iwi anake, kaua ki te iwi o Pōmare. He maha ngā ngārahu o Ngāti Tama i mate i te taiparatanga a te Wīwī. I te kitenga o Pōmare kua kahakore a Ngāti Tama ko tōna marangatanga atu tēnā kia pana i a rātou ki waho o Waitangi. I muri mai ka hoki te maha o Ngāti Tama ki te tuawhenua.

I te tau 1840, ka hokona e Pōmare ngā whenua i Waitangi ki a R. D. Hanson, ā, i te tau 1842 ka hoki a ia ki Pōneke. I tēnei haerenga ōna, ka iriiria a ia e Te Harawira (Octavius Hadfield) ko Wiremu (Wī) Piti (William Pitt). I muri iho ka hoki anō a Pōmare ki Rēkohu, ka mate atu i reira i te 29 o Hānuere 1851. I tanumia a ia ki te urupā o te whare karakia Wēteriana i Waitangi. Ko tōna whakakapi ki te tūnga kaiārahi mō tōna iwi ko tōna irāmutu, ko Wiremu Naera Pōmare.

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Angela Ballara. 'Pōmare, Wiremu Piti', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1990. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/1p22/pomare-wiremu-piti (accessed 19 March 2024)