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The most accurate way of identifying El Niño or La Niña weather phases is to measure the annual air-pressure variation across the Pacific (between Tahiti in the east and Darwin in the west). These measurements are known as the Southern Oscillation Index. A variation of below -1 indicates an El Niño weather pattern. When the variation is above +1, La Niña is active.
Te whakamahi i tēnei tūemi
Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
Source: NIWA – National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
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