Skip to main content

Kōrero: Epidemics

Timeline of epidemics in New Zealand

Year Epidemic
1817–20 Influenza reported among Māori on coasts of Foveaux Strait
1835 Measles reported among Māori in South Island whaling stations
1838–39 ‘Rewha-rewha’ (probably influenza) in Bay of Islands and Mercury Bay
1852–53 Influenza widespread
1858 Measles prevalent
1863–64 Scarlet fever in Dunedin: 119 deaths
1872–75 Diphtheria prevalent in Christchurch
1872 Smallpox outbreak in Auckland from SS Nebraska: 7 cases, 3 deaths
1873 Pertussis (whooping cough): 356 deaths across New Zealand
1874 Typhoid at Cromwell: 110 cases, 20 deaths
1874–75
Measles: 344 deaths across New Zealand
Diphtheria: 481 deaths across New Zealand
1875
Typhoid widespread in towns and cities: 323 deaths (worst year)
Tuberculosis: 339 deaths across New Zealand
1876–98 Typhoid deaths average 143 annually across New Zealand
1876–77 Scarlet fever deaths: 834 across New Zealand
1881–82
Measles widespread in Otago and Canterbury: 199 deaths across New Zealand
Scarlet fever: 257 deaths across New Zealand
Diphtheria in Christchurch: 132 cases, 27 deaths; 216 deaths across New Zealand
1883–84
Typhoid outbreak in Northland
Pertussis widespread: 24 deaths in Auckland, 246 deaths across New Zealand
1887 Measles in Whanganui
1888
Typhoid in Auckland
Diphtheria: 219 deaths across New Zealand
1890–94 Influenza pandemic: 1,393 deaths registered
1890 Typhoid in Nelson: 48 cases, 5 deaths
1891 Pertussis in Wellington: 24 deaths, 242 deaths across New Zealand
1892 Diphtheria prevalent: 281 deaths across New Zealand (worst year)
1893
Measles in Auckland: 511 deaths across New Zealand
Typhoid in Wellington: 400 cases, 35 deaths
1897–98 Measles outbreak among East Cape Māori
1898–99 Influenza prevalent: 219 deaths across New Zealand; suspected rubella epidemic
1900–11 Plague in Auckland: 9 deaths
1902–03
Scarlet fever: 209 deaths across New Zealand
Measles: 277 deaths across New Zealand
1907 Pertussis: 307 deaths across New Zealand (last major outbreak)
1911 Typhoid prevalent in Māori districts
1913 Smallpox in Northland: 2,000 cases, 55 deaths (last major outbreak in New Zealand)
1916 Polio: 123 deaths across New Zealand, many in military camps
1917 Diphtheria: 240 deaths across New Zealand
1918 Influenza pandemic: at least 500,000 cases, nearly 9,000 deaths across New Zealand. European death rate 5.8 per 1,000; Māori death rate nearly 50 per 1,000
1920–21 Measles prevalent
1921–22 Meningitis prevalent
1925 Polio: 175 deaths across New Zealand
1929 Influenza prevalent: 297 deaths across New Zealand
1929–30 Diphtheria prevalent: 150 deaths across New Zealand
1936–37 Typhoid in Māori districts
1937 Polio: 39 deaths
1938 Measles: 163 European deaths, 212 Māori
1939 Suspected rubella epidemic
1941–42
Diphtheria prevalent
Pertussis: 72 deaths across New Zealand
1944–45 Scarlet fever: 40 deaths across New Zealand
1947 Typhoid outbreak at Kaikōura: 78 cases, 3 deaths
1948–49 Polio: 65 deaths across New Zealand
1952–53 Polio: 80 deaths
1955–56 Polio: 79 deaths (last major epidemic)
1959 Tuberculosis cases among Europeans, 4.1 per 10,000; among Māori, 31 per 10,000
1964–65 Rubella epidemic
1971 Hepatitis A: 4,500 cases notified
1972 Measles prevalent
1977–80 Hepatitis A: 1,500 cases notified annually (then declined)
1983–98 HIV/AIDS epidemic: 1,336 cases
1985–86 Measles and meningitis prevalent in Auckland
1986 Peak of HIV/AIDS epidemic: 125 cases
1991 Measles epidemic: 10,000 reported cases, 7 deaths
1991–2007 Meningococcal B epidemic: 5,244 cases, 252 deaths
1995 Rubella epidemic: 1,600 confirmed cases
1996 Influenza prevalent: 90 deaths
1997 Measles epidemic: 2,000 cases notified, 200 hospitalised
1997–2008 Campylobacteriosis epidemic
1999 Influenza prevalent: over 500 hospitalised
1999–2001 Pertussis epidemic: 6,523 cases notified
2001 Peak of meningococcal group B epidemic: 648 confirmed cases
2003 Influenza prevalent: 600 hospitalised
2004–5 Pertussis epidemic: 3,489 cases notified, 159 hospitalised
2009 H1N1 ‘swine flu’ pandemic: 3,150 confirmed cases, 20 deaths
2020– COVID-19 (novel coronavirus) pandemic

This is a timeline of the most significant epidemic outbreaks in New Zealand between 1817 and 2020.

Te whakamahi i tēnei tūemi

Geoff Rice

This item has been provided for private study purposes (such as school projects, family and local history research) and any published reproduction (print or electronic) may infringe copyright law. It is the responsibility of the user of any material to obtain clearance from the copyright holder.

Ngā whakaahua me ngā rauemi katoa o tēnei kōrero

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārang

Geoff Rice, Epidemics – Epidemics, pandemics and disease control, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/diagram/47873/timeline-of-epidemics-in-new-zealand (accessed 4 June 2026).

He kōrero nā Geoff Rice, i tāngia i te 8 February 2024.