Haurongo: Hodgens, Joseph
He whakaaturanga anō
Rārangi pukapuka
Gustafson, B. From the cradle to the grave. Auckland, 1986
Obit. Times (Palmerston North). 14 Jan. 1955: 8--9
Webster, B. J. 'Palmerston North political labour movement, 1916--1935'. BA (Hons) research essay, Massey, 1980