Whārangi 1: Haurongo
Rickard, Tuaiwa Hautai Kereopa (Eva)
1925–1997
Ngāti Koata, Ngāti Toa, Tainui, wahine whai mana, kaihautū hapori
I tuhia tēnei haurongo e Angeline Greensill rāua ko Hineitimoana Greensill, ā, i tāngia tuatahitia ki Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau i te 2018. He mea whakamāori nā Sean Ellison.
He wahine aweawe a Tuaiwa Rickard, i mōhiotia ai ki te marea ko Eva Rickard, i roto i ngā kaupapa mōtika whenua Māori o ngā tekau tau atu i 1970 ki 2000. I kitea tōna kaha me tōna manawanui i roto i ngā whiriwhiringa kia whakahokia a Te Kōpua ki tōna iwi, i te tohe kia nui ake ngā kanohi Māori ki roto i te whare Pāremata, me te huhua noa o ngā kaupapa mōtika iwi taketake i Aotearoa me tāwāhi. He kaiwhakaari kiriata ia, ā he kaiwhakahaere pakihi, rōpū hapori hoki.
Te Taiohinga
I whānau mai a Tuaiwa Hautai Kereopa ki Te Kōpua, ki Whāingaroa, i te 19 o Paengawhāwhā i te tau 1925, te tuawaru o ngā tamariki tekau mā rima a Riria Rāpana rāua ko tōna hoa tāne a Honehone Kereopa. Ko Riria te huatahi a Wētini Rāpana (i puta ora mai i te pakanga i Rangiriri) rāua ko Rangiaukaha Kawharu nō Ngāti Koata me Ngāti Toa. He tamaiti a Honehone nā Haami Kereopa o Tainui rāua ko Rina Te Mania Rawiri o Tainui me Taranaki. Nō te hapū o Tainui o Whāingaroa a Tuaiwa, i mōhiotia ai ko Tainui Āwhiro i te nonoketanga mō te whenua o ngā tekau tau o muri mai.
Nōna ka eke ki te rima o ngā tau ka haere a Tuaiwa ki te Kura Tuatahi o Whāingaroa ki te ako i 'ngā tikanga a te Pākehā'; kāore i whakaaetia te kōrero Māori, nā reira i akona ia kia mahue tōna reo Māori ki te waharoa. 1 I tapaina ia ki te ingoa Pākehā 'Eva', he ingoa 'taurekareka' ki a ia. Nā tōna kuia ia i āhei ai ki te kuhu atu i ngā tatau o te Kura Tuarua o Whāingaroa, i te hokonga atu o āna kūmara kia riro mai ai he kākahu kura, he hū hoki. Ka kataina ia i te rā tuatahi e ētahi atu tauira he mau hū rekereke teitei nōna. He mea pāmamae tēnei ki a ia, engari i ākina ia kia puta tōna ihu i te ao Pākehā. I tua atu o te marautanga whānui ka akona a Tuaiwa ki te reo Wīwī, reo Rātini, mahi kaute, me te patopato ringapoto. He wahine ngākaunui ia ki te tākaro, i tino eke ai i te pāhiketepōro (ko te netipōro tērā i aua wā) me te kauhoe. Koia hoki tētahi o ngā tauira Māori tuatahi o te kura kia eke panuku i āna whakamātautau ratonga tūmatanui.
I te marama o Mahuru i te tau 1941, ka murua e te kāwanatanga he 88 eka o ngā whenua o Tainui Āwhiro hei tauranga waka rererangi ohotata i te wā o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Ko te whenua nei, a Te Kōpua, te papa kāinga o te hapū. I kite a Tuaiwa i te peinga o te hapori i ō rātou kāinga, me te turakanga o ngā whare me tō rātou wharenui a Miria Te Kakara. Nā te rironga atu o tēnei whenua i whakatōkia ai te kākano mō āna tohe mō ngā mōtika whenua o ngā tekau tau o muri mai.
I te tau 1942, i meatia a Tuaiwa kia wehe i te kura ki te tautoko i ngā mahi mō te pakanga. Ka kuhu atu ia ki te Ope Taua Tāpiri Wāhine o Aotearoa, ā ahakoa kua whakangungua ki ngā mahi hēkeretari, i tukuna kētia ki tētahi wheketere hanga matā i Hopuhopu, e tata ana ki Ngāruawāhia, ki te hanga kariri i roto i te rua munamuna. Nāwai rā ka nekehia mai anō ki Whāingaroa ki te mahi ki roto i tētahi whare whakamātūtū hōia, tae atu ki te mutunga o te pakanga.
Te Mārenatanga me te Hautūtanga Hapori
I muri i te pakanga ka uru a Tuaiwa ki te Poutāpeta o Whāingaroa hei kaimahi, ā ka tūtaki ki a James (Tex) Rickard i reira. He mea whiriwhiri a Tex mō te Tari Poutāpeta, mai i Rangitukia, he kāinga iti i Te Tai Rāwhiti, ki Tikitiki, ki Tāneatua, ki Kemureti, tau rawa mai ki Whāingaroa. I te 11 o ngā rā o Hōngongoi i te tau 1947 i mārena a Tuaiwa rāua ko Tex i te Whare Karakia Wēteriana o Hato Pāora i Kirikiriroa. Nōna ka ruruhi haere ka tāpirihia e Tuaiwa tōna ingoa takakau a Kereopa hei ingoa anō mōna. Tokoiwa ngā tamariki a Tuaiwa rāua ko Tex (i mate tētahi i a ia e nohinohi ana), ā he maha hoki ā rāua tamariki whāngai, nā rāua i whakatipu i a rāua e mahi ana ki te hora i te tēpu me te tuku i a rātou katoa ki te kura.
I te tekau tau o 1950 i whakapau kaha a Tuaiwa rāua ko Tex ki te hāpai i ngā mahi ā-hapori o Whāingaroa. Ka whakahaerehia e rāua he rā tākaro, he konohete, me ētahi atu mahi kohi pūtea ki te tautoko i ngā kaupapa whaitake, pērā i te hanganga o te pā o Poihākena hei whakakapi i te whārua i mahue rā i te ngaronga o te wharenui o Miria Te Kakara. I āwhinatia tērā e ētahi o te hapori. I ngā tekau tau o 1960 me 1970 he mema a Tuaiwa nō te Rīpeka Whero, te Plunket, te Poari Papa Tākaro o Whāingaroa, me ngā kōmiti o te kura me te marae. He kaiako kapa haka ia, ā ko ia hoki tētahi o ngā mema tuatahi i te orokohanganga mai o te Rōpū Kauhauora o Whāingaroa me te Kāhui o Hoani i Whāingaroa.
Te Karapu Haupōro o Whāingaroa me te whawhai mō ngā mōtika whenua
Atu i āna mahi pāpori, ahurea hoki, i taupatupatu atu a Tuaiwa ki te Kaunihera ā-Rohe o Whāingaroa mō ngā whenua Māori, ngā utu rēti me ngā kaupapa taiao o Whāingaroa. Ko tētahi kaupapa pāmamae ki a ia ko te waihanga hōpua waipara ki runga wāhi tapu, e tata ana ki te marae me te wāhi kohi kai. I kī ai ngā kaumātua nā te whakapoke nei i toremi ai ētahi ki te wahapū o te moana.
I te tau 1972 ka tono atu a Tuaiwa ki te kāwanatanga kia whakahokia mai a Te Kōpua. Tōna tikanga kua whakahokia kētia i te mutunga o te whakamahinga ōna hei tauranga waka rererangi. Kua tata ki te 30 tau mai i te whakataunga o te puehu o te pakanga, kāore i whakahokia mai te whenua e te kāwanatanga engari i tukuna kētia e rātou ki te Kaunihera ā-Rohe o Whāingaroa - nā rātou i rīhi atu ki te Karapu Haupōro o Whāingaroa hei papa haupōro e iwa ngā kōhao. He mema a Tuaiwa nō te Karapu Haupōro o Whāingaroa, ā nāna te tātāwhāinga haupōro Māori o Whāingaroa i whakatū; engari kāore ia i whakaae ki te whakawhānuitanga ake o te papa haupōro ki runga ki ngā urupā o ngā tūpuna. Kāore i tino arongia āna mahi e te kāwanatanga i te tīmatanga, engari i whakatauria ōna waewae ki te marae o tūmatanui hei kaiwhakatūtū mōtika whenua. I piri atu ia ki te Hīkoi mō ngā Whenua Māori i te tau 1975, ā ko ia hoki tētahi o ngā mātāmua o te whakatūnga o te rōpū mōtika whenua a Te Matakite o Aotearoa, nā rātou tāna take i tautoko.
I te tau 1976, ka taiapangia te urupā i runga i te papa haupōro e Tuaiwa rātou ko ngā huānga o Tainui Āwhiro me ngā mema o Te Matakite o Aotearoa, ā ka taki karakia hei whakahē i te tānoanoatanga o te tapu. I te tau 1978 ka pōwhiringia e Tuaiwa ētahi tohunga me ētahi kaitautoko mai i ngā hau e whā o te motu kia whakarauika ki te urupā o Te Kōpua, ki reira whakaū anō ai i te tapu ki runga i te whenua. Ko te rā tērā o te tātāwhāinga-ā-tau o te karapu haupōro. Heoi anō, i mua i te whakaritenga, ka mauheretia a Tuaiwa rātou ko ōna hoa kaiwhakatūtū tekau mā ono mō te haere pokanoa ki runga ki te whenua te take. He rā nui whakahirahira tēnei i roto i te whawhai kia whakahokia mai ai a Te Kōpua.
Inā te nui o ngā kēhi kōti me ngā whiriwhiringa. Ā i te 30 o ngā rā o Whiringa-ā-rangi i te tau 1983, ka whakahokia mai a Te Kōpua (atu i te tauranga waka rererangi pū), me ngā here i te taha. Kāore a Tuaiwa i tuohu noa ki aua here i runga i ōna mātāpono, engari i te tau 1991, i unuhia e te Karauna tāna i tono ai kia utua te whenua, ā kātahi anō te whenua nei ka tukuna rawatia ki raro i te mana whakahaere o Te Kōpua Trust.
Te Tīma Whutupōro o Āwherika ki te Tonga 1981 me te hāpai take ki tāwāhi
I āta whānui haere te hōkaitanga o tā Tuaiwa whawhai, ā i te tau 1979 ka whakamutua e ia āna mahi mō te Poutāpeta o Whāingaroa kia aronui ai ki Te Kōpua, me ngā kaupapa o te hapori, o te ao hoki, mō ngā mōtika tāngata me te ture. I te marama o Hōngongoi i te tau 1981 ko ia tētahi o te hunga porotēhi i whakaeke i te papa tākaro whutupōro o Kirikiriroa ki te aukati i te kēmu i waenga i te tīma Springbok, arā te tīma o Awherika ki te Tonga, me te tīma o Waikato. I muri mai, i taua tau anō, i haere ia hei kanohi mō Te Matakite o Aotearoa ki te Rūnanga Whānui Tuatoru o te Kaunihera o ngā Iwi Taketake o te Ao i tū ki Canberra. I te Mahuru o te tau 1985 i arahina e rāua ko te rangatira uniana a Paul Piesse tētahi rōpū mai i Aotearoa ki Nicaragua kia kite ā-kanohi ai i te pānga atu ki te iwi o reira o te whananga ki a Anastasio Somoza. I tō rātou hokinga mai ka peka ki Tahiti. I reira ka whakatūpatongia ia kei kōrero whakahē mō te kāwanatanga Wīwī ka panaia. He ahakoa rā, i tū tonu ia ki te kōrero ki tētahi huinga tāngata, ka whakahē i ngā whakamātautau pahū karihi, ā ka tautoko i tā te iwi Māori o Tahiti tohe mō tō rātou tino rangatiratanga. Me te aha, ka mauheretia ia ki te kāinga, kātahi ka panaia, ā ka aukatia tāna hokinga atu ki Poronēhia Wīwī.
Mana Motuhake me Mana Māori
I piki haere te awe o Tuaiwa, ā i te tau 1984 ka tohua ia hei pou whakarae mo te hīkoi mai i Tūrangawaewae ki Waitangi. Ka noho pūmau tonu ia hei toa mō te manarite, ahakoa te tangata, engari he huarahi anō i kitea e ia i roto i te ao tōrangapū hei kōkiri i ngā wawata o te iwi Māori. Nō te wehenga o Matiu Rata i te Pāti Reipa ki te whakamānu i te waka o Mana Motuhake hei whakataetae i te kōwhiringa pōti o 1981, i tū te ringa o Tuaiwa hei kaitono. I whakapono ia me noho motuhake te kanohi Māori me tōna reo i roto i te Whare Pāremata, nā reira i te piringa atu o Mana Motuhake ki te Rōpū Tūhono i te tau 1991 ka rīhaina a Tuaiwa. I te tau 1993 ka whakatūria e ia a Mana Māori. Tekau mā waru ngā tūru rārangi i whāia e te rōpū nei i te tau 1996, ā ahakoa kāore i eke, i whakamahia tonutia e Tuaiwa ngā huarahi tōrangapū hei kōkiri i ngā take pāpori, tōrangapū hoki.
Ngā kaupapa ā-hapori
I mōhiotia a Tuaiwa mō te tohetohe ki te kāwanatanga, engari i taea hoki e ia te mahi tahi ki ngā tari kāwanatanga ki te waihanga rongoā ā-whānau, ā-hapori, mō ngā raruraru pāpori. I noho ia ki runga i ngā komiti o te Tari Ture me te Tari Toko i te Ora, ā he kairuruku ia mō te kaupapa o Mātua Whāngai mā te Poari Kaitiaki Māori o Tainui. I whai pūtea ia hei whakahaere hōtaka e āwhina ai i te whakaakoranga o te hunga mahi kore, e tiaki ai hoki i ngā tamariki whāngai ki te Kōkiri ki Te Kōpua.
I werohia hoki e Tuaiwa ngā whiriwhiringa a te Kaunihera ā-Rohe o Whāingaroa. I te wā i whakatauria ai e te kaunihera me turaki te Kura Tuatahi tawhito o Whāingaroa, ka nōhia te kura e Tuaiwa nā runga i te hiranga tuku iho o te kura ki te hapori. Nāwai nāwai ka puta he kōhanga reo, he akomanga kaiwhakanikoniko, he whare toi hoki mō te hapori. Nā ngā kaupapa ā-hapori, pērā i te whakatūnga o ētahi pakihi iti, i utu āna whāinga tōrangapū. Ko tōna whare kai, hereumu, a Kai Time, he akomanga tauhokohoko mō ngā tauira o ngā hōtaka kaitaka kai i whakahaeretia ki te Kōkiri.
Te whakaatu i ngā kare-ā-roto me ngā mahi whakaari
He rawe ki a Tuaiwa te waiata, te kōrero paki, te tautohetohe, me te noho tahi ki ngā hoa me te whānau. He rongonui tōna mana me tōna āheinga ki te whakatakoto kōrero whakaohooho, i kīnakitia e ia ki te waiata tau rawa i ngā wā katoa. Ahakoa te kaupapa, he māmā tonu ki a Tuaiwa te kōrero ki a wai rānei, ki te whai wāhi atu ki te whakamārama, ki te whakaako i te marea. I tū anō ia ki runga marae ki te kōrero i ētahi wā, tae atu ki Tūrangawaewae. He kaituitui kākahu ia i whakatauiratia ai ōna tāera me tōna tuakiri. Nā runga i tōna whakapono he mea nui te whakapuaki whaiaro, ka hangaia e ia he atamira ki Te Kōpua, ā i te tau 1990, ka whakarewahia te Hui Ahurei o Te Ao Mārama i whai wāhi ai ngā kaiwhakaataata rangatahi ki te whakaatu i ō rātou pūkenga toi whakaari. He kaiwhakaari ia i roto i tā Merata Mita kiriata Mauri (1988), i Flight of the Albatross (1995), me Radio Whā Waho (1993). He wahine ia i whāia mō ōna whakaaro, i whakakitea ai tōna kanohi, i rangona ai tōna reo, ki runga pakipūmeka, pērā i Tangata whenua: the spirits and the times will teach (1972), i Te Matakite o Aotearoa (1975) me Ngā kara me ngā iwi: the flags and the people (1990). He pakipūmeka mōna i puta i te tau 1997, ko Tuaiwa Hautai Rickard (1997) te ingoa. Ko te tumu whakaputa me te ringa tohu ko Tama Poata.
Te Kaumātuatanga me ngā whakareretanga iho
I ōna tau whakamutunga, i tātāngia e Tuaiwa tā te kāwanatanga kaupapa kōpaki pūtea me te huarahi i whāia kia whiriwhirihia ai ngā whakataunga tiriti. Ki a ia he tukanga whakawehewehe tērā, kāore i te tika ngā whakataunga, ā he mōrikarika te pōnānā ki te haina. Ko tāna whakautu ki ngā kaiwhiriwhiri o te Whakataunga Raupatu o Waikato o te tau 1995, ka tū motuhake te hapū o Tainui o Whāingaroa ki waho i te whakaritenga. I te tau 1996, ka rāhuitia e Tuaiwa te whenua i Whāingaroa hei whenua motuhake kia whakaūngia anō ai te rangatiratanga ki runga i te whenua hei whakahaumaru i te mana o tōna iwi. He whakapuakanga tōrangapū whai mana tērā i whakatauiratia ai ko tēnei mea te tino rangatiratanga, ka taea e te hunga whakanonoi.
Mai i ōna takenga whakapāpaku, i puea ake a Tuaiwa i ngā tāmitanga a tauiwi kia tū hei tuawahine whakaaweawe i roto i ngā kaupapa mōtika whenua Māori. He wahine tino whakapono ia, i ū ki ōna mātāpono, he kakama, he whakatoatoa, he pono. Nā tōna angitu i te whakahokinga mai o Te Kōpua i āwhina ai i te tupu ake o te aroā o te kāwanatanga ki ngā āwangawanga o te Māori, i whakatauiratia ai te whakahokinga o ngā rawa Māori hei whakatutuki i ngā whakataunga tiriti.
I werohia e ia ngā whakaaro ā-hapori o te marea, i ākina hoki te iwi Māori me te iwi Pākehā kia anganui ki ngā kōrero tuku iho o te katoa. He wahine whai moemoeā ia i māia ki te titiro whakamua ki tētahi anamata e matika anō ai i te mana o te Māori, i pūkeke hoki ki te whai i taua matakitenga kia tutuki rawa. I ngā wā i rīria ai, i hawenetia ai ia mō āna mahi, ko tāna whakautu 'ko ngā ika hāmate anake e kau tahi ai me te ia o te wai'.2
I mate tara-ā-whare a Tuaiwa ki te kāinga i te 6 o Hakihea i te tau 1997, e 72 ōna tau, ā ka nehua ki Te Kōpua, ki roto i te urupā i mauheretia ai ia i mua. Kapakapa ana ngā haki i ngā rā e rima o te tangihanga, i tau mai ai ngā mano tāngata ki te poroporoaki ki tētahi rangatira, wahine toa, i tū māia ai ki te mata o poautinitini, i taunaki ai i te tūmanako i roto i te pōuri, i whakahauhau ai i te reanga o muri mai ki te whakamau atu ki te āpōpō e mana anō ai tēnei mea te rangatiratanga. Ki tā Moana Jackson, 'I te wā kātahi anō ka paku hīnātore haere te nuinga ki nga tāmitanga a tauiwi, ā i te wā ko te hunga māia anake i kaha ki te kōrero mō tō tātou tino rangatiratanga, ko tā Tuaiwa tū ki runga i te kaupapa o te papa haupōro, he mahi whakaaweawe ā-tōrangapū, ā-ahurea. I mua i te whakamahinga o te rangatiratanga hei kīanga teremau ki runga tīhāte, kua tū rangatira kē a Tuaiwa.’3 I mate tōna hoa tāne, a James (Tex) Rickard, i te tau 2017, ā i nehua ki tōna taha.
I tuhia i te taha o Marleina Te Kanawa rāua ko Lydia Rickard.