Story summary
Early pathways
Māori made New Zealand’s first walking tracks as they travelled around the country. Often they walked along the beach, but they also cut tracks through the forest, and used ladders or pegs to climb cliffs. In the South Island they made trails up the valleys and across the mountains to the West Coast, the only region that had precious pounamu (greenstone).
The 19th century
The first European explorers were often guided by Māori along traditional tracks. Later, settlers began to build roads and railways, but many still travelled on foot, especially in the rough backcountry.
- Gold miners headed into the South Island’s mountains, carrying packs.
- Shepherds moved sheep and cattle along farm tracks.
- Loggers carried out timber on forest trails.
- Deer cullers used mountain tracks and huts while clearing the forest of deer.
To mark the path and avoid getting lost, trail makers chipped bark off trees or built cairns (piles of stones) – this is known as blazing a trail. Today, orange plastic markers are often used.
Recreation
It was some time before people enjoyed exploring New Zealand’s native forests and other places of wild, natural beauty. At first, they followed the tracks made by Māori and gold miners.
Milford Track
In 1880 an explorer, Donald Sutherland, discovered the spectacular Sutherland Falls near Milford Sound in Fiordland. The Milford Track was made, and tourists walked along the route, staying in huts overnight. The track was called ‘the finest walk in the world’.
National parks
Soon, more walking trails and huts were made, especially in national parks such as Taranaki, Tongariro and Abel Tasman. Hikers on Mt Ruapehu stayed at the Chateau Tongariro hotel, built in 1929.
Walkways
By the 1970s physical fitness was very popular, and the government started a network of walkways, marked with an orange ‘W’. Some follow old gold-mining or railway trails. In 2007 there were 125 walkways.
The ‘Great Walks’
Ten trails have been named ‘Great Walks’ because they are so beautiful, with features such as lakes, waterfalls, sea caves, rainforest and native birds. They are:
North Island
- Lake Waikaremoana Track
- Tongariro Northern Circuit
- Whanganui Journey (by river)
South Island
- Abel Tasman Track
- Heaphy Track
- Paparoa Track
- Routeburn Track
- Milford Track
- Kepler Track
- Rakiura Track (Stewart Island).