Story summary
Basic play
Association football, sometimes called soccer, is traditionally a winter game played on a large field. Two teams, each of 11 players, try to score goals by kicking or heading a ball into the rival team’s goal. The goal is protected by the goalkeeper – the only player allowed to use hands on the ball.
Casual forms of the game include indoor football and beach soccer.
Men’s club and provincial football
The New Zealand Football Association (NZFA) was established in 1891. By the mid-1920s New Zealand had 460 football clubs. The country’s best-known annual club competition, the Chatham Cup, was first held in 1923.
Canterbury and Otago played the first recorded provincial match at Lancaster Park in 1890. The provinces began to compete annually, at first for the NZFA’s Brown Shield, then for the Football Association Trophy.
In 2004 a new summer competition was introduced – the New Zealand Football Championship.
Men’s international football
New Zealand played its first international matches in 1904. In 1922 it won its first test series against Australia. This early supremacy didn’t last. By 2015 New Zealand had won 13 out of 64 matches against its trans-Tasman rivals.
The New Zealand men’s team made its first appearance in the FIFA World Cup finals in 1982. The team was nicknamed ‘the All Whites’ and the name stuck. They made it to the World Cup finals again in 2010.
Women’s football
Women played football casually in New Zealand from 1915 or earlier. Organised football for women emerged after the First World War, with clubs formed in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch.
In the mid-20th century women’s football struggled, but regained momentum in the 1970s. A national tournament was held annually from 1976, and in 2002 was succeeded by the National Women’s Soccer League.
The women’s national team, known at first as the Swanz and later as the Football Ferns, has had some success on the world stage.
Professional players
For many years, New Zealand footballers who wanted to make a living from the game had to play abroad. At first they mainly went to Britain, but since the 1980s a number of Kiwis, both men and women, have found success in Europe and the United States.
Wynton Rufer, New Zealand’s greatest footballer, had a successful career playing in Germany.
