Story: Biculturalism

John Rutherford, Pākehā–Māori

John Rutherford, Pākehā–Māori

John Rutherford was an Englishman who arrived in Aotearoa New Zealand probably in the 1820s. Rutherford was adopted by Ngāpuhi and tattooed on his face and body. He learned to speak te reo Māori, married Māori women and fought with Ngāpuhi during the Musket Wars. He later returned to London. Pākehā–Māori like Rutherford were among the first bicultural New Zealanders.

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Alexander Turnbull Library
Reference: PUBL-0099-299

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How to cite this page:

Janine Hayward, 'Biculturalism - From bicultural to monocultural, and back', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/artwork/32138/john-rutherford-pakeha-maori (accessed 23 April 2024)

Story by Janine Hayward, published 20 Jun 2012, reviewed & revised 10 Jan 2023 with assistance from Janine Hayward