Story summary
Sailing ships
If you were seeking a better life in New Zealand in the 19th century, you had to take a long and often dangerous voyage by sailing ship. Not surprisingly, many people preferred to emigrate to the United States or Canada.
The journey to New Zealand could take up to 120 days. Often, the travellers never saw land. Wealthier people travelled in cabin class, where there was more space and better food than for those in steerage under the deck. The steerage passengers were poorer, squashed together in miserable conditions. Their food was dreary: usually potatoes, oats, dry biscuits and salted meat. There was not much water, and no fresh fruit or vegetables. Many suffered terrible seasickness, and infectious diseases spread rapidly.
Steamships
On steamships, which began bringing people in the 1870s, the journey was faster. Soon electric lighting and steam heat made all the difference. Most ships continued to come round the Cape of Good Hope, until the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914.
Air travel
A few migrants began arriving by plane soon after the Second World War.
In the 1950s, the flight from Europe usually took several days, with many stopovers. From the 1960s jet airliners reduced the time to about 24 hours. Cheap, quick air travel made things much easier. Because people could fly back occasionally to see their families, the move did not seem so final. Some flew out first to look around before making a decision to emigrate.
But for most immigrants, New Zealand remains about as far away as they can get from their homelands.