Grape viruses cause a general decline in the health of infected plants. Viruses are easily transmitted from infected to healthy plants during grafting, or via sap-sucking insects. Vines infected with leafroll virus have poor health, and poor-quality, low-yielding fruit. Some infected white varieties of grape do not show any obvious symptoms, but in red varieties the leaves roll downwards and often turn an intense red long before autumn.
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Photograph by Roderick Bonfiglioli
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