Extensive soil erosion followed a severe rainstorm (Cyclone Bola, in 1988) on farmed hill slopes north of Napier. Although farmers have often viewed mānuka and kānuka as pest plants because they readily invade pasture, they proved their worth when the cyclone struck. Slips were uncommon or small on slopes covered in regenerating mānuka and kanuka shrublands (dark green patches, foreground), but were extensive on the grassed slopes.
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Photograph by Noel Trustrum
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