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Story: Housing

Housing materials

Material of outer walls Percentage of dwellings
  1878 1896 1916 1936 1956 1976
Note: The question about the material of outer walls of dwellings was removed from the Census after 1976
Wood or iron 83.26 89.68 93.67 89.9 74.41 56.31
Brick, stone or concrete 3.63 4.35 4.21 7.54 13.56 26.1
Cob, sod or raupō 3.88 1.58        
Tents, including dwellings with canvas roofs 3.55 3.29 1.04      
Asbestos       0.93 5.13 6.35
Roughcast (stucco)       1.11 5.05 8.77
Other 2.67 0.52 0.86 0.24 0.54 2.04
Not specified 2.99 0.55 0.25 0.28 1.31 0.43

This table underscores the dominance of wood as a building material in New Zealand housing until the 1970s. In 1916, 94% of all New Zealand houses were built of wood and iron (corrugated iron was often used as a cladding material on the side of houses because it was fire-resistant). This had fallen to 56% by 1976, as brick, stone and concrete buildings increased their share. The table shows how some materials, such as canvas, fell out of use, while others like asbestos and stucco became fashionable.

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Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand

Source: New Zealand census, 1878-1976

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How to cite this page

Ben Schrader, Housing – Construction and materials, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/en/interactive/39231/housing-materials (accessed 4 June 2026).

Story by Ben Schrader, published 3 December 2012.