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This manuscript, written by the Ngāti Porou leader Rāpata Wahawaha, lists 28 take whenua, or principles of land ownership. They include take tupuna papatipu (land inherited from forebears) and four different forms of take raupatu (land taken by conquest).
Using this item
Alexander Turnbull Library, Elsdon Best Collection
Reference: MS-Papers 0072-39E
Permission of the Alexander Turnbull Library, National Library of New Zealand, Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa, must be obtained before any re-use of this image.