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Species of the perch family, Percidae, can be distinguished from other freshwater-fish families in New Zealand as they all have large, thick scales, a lateral line, two dorsal fins, and gill covers with a broad, flat spine.
Using this item
Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
Source: R. M. McDowall, Reed field guide to New Zealand freshwater fishes. Auckland: Reed, 2000, p. 172
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