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Story: Building trades

Earth and water closets

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Earth and water closets

By the late 19th century earth and water closets were being installed in houses or outbuildings. Water closets were similar to today’s toilets, with a flush chain carrying the waste away. At first this was not into a sewer but a cesspit, as many cities, or parts of cities, still lacked sewers. The contents of the pails from earth closets were collected by the night-soil man in a cart at night.

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How to cite this page

Carl Walrond, Building trades – Plumbers and drainlayers, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/en/artwork/24700/earth-and-water-closets (accessed 4 June 2026).

Story by Carl Walrond, published 26 February 2010.