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Story: Criticism and the arts

Nationalism debates: Frames on the land

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Nationalism debates: <em>Frames on the land</em>

In Frames on the land: early landscape painting in New Zealand(1983) Francis Pound repudiated the view that New Zealand's 'hard, clear light' inspired a unique approach to landscape painting. Instead, he suggested that immigrant artists of the 19th-century imposed European theories and practices – 'frames' – on what they saw.

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HarperCollins Publishers New Zealand

Reference: Francis Pound, Frames on the land: early landscape painting in New Zealand. Auckland: Collins, 1983

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How to cite this page

Rebecca Rice and Mark Williams, Criticism and the arts – Issues of identity, 1960s onwards, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/en/object/42934/nationalism-debates-frames-on-the-land (accessed 4 June 2026).

Story by Rebecca Rice and Mark Williams, published 2 October 2013.