This diagram illustrates the process of the pōwhiri (welcome), showing the steps in order from left to right. Some parts of the process, such as the waerea (protective karakia) and wero (ritual challenge) are optional. The two significant divisions of kawa (protocol) – pāeke and tau utuutu (or utuutu) – are shown in the diagram. In pāeke all the speakers from the tangata whenua (hosts) speak first, followed by all the speakers from the manuhiri (guests). In tau utuutu speakers from the tangata whenua and the manuhiri alternate, beginning and ending with a speaker from the tangata whenua.
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Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
Source: Anne Salmond, Hui: a study of Maori ceremonial gatherings. Auckland: Reed Publishing, 2004, p. 178
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