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Story: Water quality

Sources of water

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Sources of water

Contaminated water that enters a river or stream from a concentrated source such as a pipe is referred to as a point source (top). Water that discharges from overland flow or subsurface seepage into streams is known as a non-point source (bottom). Contaminants from non-point discharges are more difficult to manage because they contribute small amounts from many locations, sometimes including faecal contaminants from grazing animals.

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Environment Southland

by Graeme McKenzie

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How to cite this page

Mike Scarsbrook and Kit Rutherford, Water quality – Water pollution, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/15520/sources-of-water (accessed 4 June 2026).

Story by Mike Scarsbrook and Kit Rutherford, published 1 March 2009, updated 18 July 2016.