Changes in certain large groups of words foreshadow the possible emergence of a distinct form of English. Among these the most important and striking are: the peculiar sound given to long a as in star, already mentioned, the final y or i as ee, citee, historee, also mentioned before; a large number of words in which an English long o, open or closed, becomes a short o, as in jolt, toll, oral, auction (oction), hydrollic, swollen, revolt, controller, trolling (for trout), bolster, knoll, Rolleston.
A large group of words which are pronounced in standard English with the stress on the second syllable or a later syllable are here stressed on the first; examples are LUcerne, ARmagh, MAGazine, ARM-chair, NARRator, MANkind, MIgraine, REsearch, FInance.
In a few words this tendency is reversed and the stress is placed later than in the standard; examples are cuckOO, jubilEE, vaccINE, GeraldINE.