The northernmost portion of North Auckland Peninsula is a small, narrow peninsula called Aupori. Its isthmus is the attenuated neck of land between Rangaunu Harbour on the east and the southern sweep of the Ninety Mile Beach on the west. The north-western extremities of Aupori Peninsula are Cape Maria van Diemen and Cape Reinga. Cape Reinga is about 4 miles north-east of Cape Maria van Diemen and is a steep headland, with a lighthouse 961 ft above sea level. Shipping from Australia passes between the Three Kings and Cape Reinga and the flashing light is visible for 31 miles. On the lighthouse reserve there is a radio beacon for shipping and the cape is an important weather-reporting station. Cape Maria van Diemen (the northern extremity of the west coast) is 4 miles west and the North Cape lighthouse lies 20 miles to the east beyond Spirits Bay, Tom Bowling Bay, and Kerr Point. At Pandora, on Spirits Bay, is a popular summer holiday camping place within walking distance of Cape Reinga. (The name commemorates HMS Pandora, which surveyed the coast there in 1849.)

At Cape Reinga interest always has been focused on the small promontory and, more particularly, on a certain pohutukawa tree which grows out of its eastern side. According to ancient lore, this was final departure point for the spirit of the Maori. It was said that the spirit, after travelling up the west coast to a spot a few miles south of Cape Maria van Diemen, continued overland to the western end of Spirits Bay and eventually reached the pohutukawa tree. There it descended the roots and entered the sea. (This tree is reputed to have been in position for about 800 years and is said never to have blossomed.) The spirit surfaced at Manawatawi (the Great King Island) and, after a farewell look at the land of the living, descended again to the depths and continued its journey to the other world.

William Puckey, a pioneer missionary of Kaitaia, is believed to have been the first European to travel overland to Cape Reinga. This was in 1832. He wrote: “The place has a most barren appearance with sea-fowl screaming and the sea roaring and rushing against dismal black rocks. It would suggest to the reflecting mind that it must have been the dreary aspect of the place which led the Maori to choose this spot as his hell”. Colenso is stated to have visited Te Reinga shortly after his ordination, with a convert. He tried to persuade his Maori companion to climb out to the tree and chop it down, but this the Maori refused to do.

Te Reinga means “the leaping place of spirits (souls)”.

by Susan Bailey, B.A., Research Officer, Department of Industries and Commerce, Wellington and Edward Stewart Dollimore, Research Officer, Department of Lands and Survey, Wellington.

(1928– ).

Cricketer.

John Richard Reid was born at Greenlane, Auckland, on 3 June 1928 and educated at Hutt Valley High School. He came to the fore in first-class cricket for Wellington in a Plunket Shield match against Canterbury in 1947 and in the same season played in the North – South Island fixture. He represented New Zealand on the tour of England (1949); South Africa (1953); and played in South Australia and Victoria, India, and Pakistan (1955–56); England (1958); South Africa (1961–62). In all, Reid has played in 42 test matches. His record here, in 78 innings, is: not out, four times; aggregate runs 2,297 (including four centuries and a highest score of 142), giving him an average of 29.45. He holds the record for the best fourth-wicket stand, 324 (with W. M. Wallace, in New Zealand v. Cambridge University (1949)) when he made 188 not out. During the South African tours he recorded centuries in the tests at Durban (1953) and Johannesburg (1961–62). He also scored centuries against India in the tests at Calcutta and New Delhi (1955–56). It was on the 1961–62 tour of South Africa, however, that Reid exhibited his finest form. In the five tests he was once “not out” and gained 546 runs (highest score 142), giving him an average of 60.64. He also bowled 109.2 overs (45 maidens) and took 11 wickets for 217 runs, an average of 19.72. In 17 first-class matches in South Africa, 1961–62, he was not out twice; scored 1,915 runs (thus eclipsing Denis Compton's record of 13 years earlier); highest score, 203 (v. Western Provinces); he hit seven centuries (including two in the match against Orange Free State), and achieved an average of 68.39. In 339.2 overs, 110 of them maidens, he took 27 wickets for 783 runs, giving him an average of 29.0. In bowling he took four wickets for 44 runs. He headed the fielding with 22 catches – some of them being extremely difficult.

For two seasons 1952–54, Reid accepted a position as club professional with the Heywood club in Lancashire. He returned to New Zealand in 1954 and became captain of the Wellington Plunket Shield team. During the 1956–57 season he captained the Otago Plunket Shield team. From 1947 until the end of the 1965 tour, Reid's record in first-class cricket was as follows: 242 matches (114 in New Zealand, 128 overseas); 411 innings; 28 not outs; highest score, 296; aggregate runs 16,024 (7,360 in New Zealand, 8,664 for New Zealand overseas); 39 centuries and a batting average of 41.83. Over the same period he has taken 455 wickets (264 in New Zealand, 191 overseas) for 10,264 runs giving him a bowling average of 22.55. He has won the Redpath Cup on three occasions and the Windsor Cup once. In 1962 Reid was awarded an O.B.E. and in the same year published Sword of Willow.

(1916– ).

Associate professor of English, Auckland University.

John Cowie Reid was born at Auckland on 4 January 1916 and educated at Sacred Heart College and Auckland Univ. College. After some time spent in various occupations, he became a secondary school teacher at Auckland Grammar School for short periods before and after the Second World War. He served with the New Zealand Military Forces from 1942 to 1946, partly in the Army Education Service. He has taken an active part in musical, film, literary, and Roman Catholic organisations. In 1952–53 he engaged in research at the University of Wisconsin. He does much broadcasting and writing for periodicals. The following are his principal publications: Creative Writing in New Zealand (1946); The Mind and Art of Coventry Patmore (1957); Francis Thompson, Man and Poet (1959); and Thomas Hood (1963). He also compiled The Kiwi Laughs (1961).

(1833–1919).

Farmer, merchant, and politician.

A new biography of Reid, Donald appears in the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography on this site.

Donald Reid was born at Newton Farm, Strathtay, on 16 July 1833, the third son of Donald Reid of Clan Fraser and Margaret née McGregor, a grand-niece of Rob Roy. He attended Burn's Academy in Edinburgh, and, after his father's death in 1844, Donald Stewart's Endowed School at Strathtay. On his mother's remarriage to John Dalton, the family emigrated in the Mary, arriving on 10 April 1849 at Otago where Reid worked for W. H. Valpy at Forbury, Dunedin, while farming a small leasehold property. In 1852 he bought 20 acres at Caversham and a further 180 the next year. He continued working for Valpy while farming his own property until 1857 when he sold the swampy Caversham land and purchased a large holding on the Taieri Plain, which he named “Salisbury”. Under Reid's intelligent and far-sighted management, “Salisbury” became famous as a model property noted for its progressive farming and its afforestation programme. In 1858 he was elected warden for the Taieri Hundred, and in 1863 Provincial Councillor for the Taieri. His influence in the Council steadily increased and he was recognised as leader of the anti-Vogel (q. v.) Liberal Party. In 1868 he became Provincial Secretary and Treasurer for two days only but returned to hold office as Provincial Secretary and Secretary for Lands and Works from 1869 to 1871 and from 1873 to 1875. His opposition to Vogel and Macandrew as representatives of the pastoral and commercial interests was intensified by a firm belief that their speculative economic policies were unsound. He contested the Superintendency against Macandrew in 1871 but was defeated by a narrow margin on the town vote.

He was elected member of Parliament for Taieri in 1866, retaining his seat with one interval until 1878. He was a member of the Waste Lands Committee from 1871 to 1877 and Minister for Public Works in the Stafford Government of 1873. As Minister for Crown Lands and Immigration in the Atkinson Government, he sponsored a Bill to consolidate the various provincial land regulations and introduce deferred payment to Southland and Canterbury. A practical idealist, he believed that capable men of moderate means should be able to become landholders, and that agricultural development was the soundest basis for the country's economy. Bowen considered the 1877 Land Act “the most liberal land law that was ever produced in this colony, or any of the Australian colonies” and Reid “one of the most distinguished defenders of free and liberal land laws that ever lived in this country”.

A man of short, thick set, and powerful physique, Reid was straightforward and unsophisticated in character. He had entered politics “to be useful in my day and generation by honestly and conscientiously trying to advance the interests of my adopted country”, particularly his province, and he wanted a liberal land policy and a conservative economic policy directed by honest and able men serving neither sectional interests nor personal ambitions. Essentially a practical administrator, Reid applied to public affairs the same principles of good business management with which he conducted his own enterprises. He was no orator, but became a forceful speaker who sought to convince his political audiences by the logical presentation of facts and figures. An ardent provincialist, he fought bitterly against the abolition of the provinces.

In 1878 he retired from politics and thereafter devoted himself to “Salisbury” until its sale in 1912, and to the establishment and development of a stock and station agency business. He was a useful member of the Otago Harbour Board and president of the Otago Early Settlers' Association for 19 years. He established by bequest the chair of economics in the University of Otago.

Reid married, first, Frances, daughter of John Barr, in 1854, and second, Sarah Gordon, widow of the Rev. E. H. Price of New South Wales, in 1873. By the former he had one son and four daughters, and by the latter, a daughter. He died on 7 February 1919.

by Gloria Margaret Strathern, B.A., DIP.N.Z.L.S. formerly Librarian, Hocken Library, Dunedin.

• History of Otago, McLintock, A. H. (1949)
• Donald Reid, Reid, N. E. (1939).

(1857–1932).

Politician, historian, and poet.

A new biography of Reeves, William Pember appears in the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography on this site.

William Pember Reeves was the eldest son of the Hon. William Reeves, Resident Minister for the Middle (South) Island in the Fox Ministry of 1869–72 and principal proprietor of the Lyttelton Times. His mother, Ellen Pember, was a daughter of a wealthy Clapham stockbroker and sister of E. H. Pember, a successful parliamentary lawyer and unsuccessful poet. William Reeves failed on the Stock Exchange and – after his debts were paid in full – the family migrated to New Zealand. William Pember Reeves was born in Lyttelton on 10 February 1857, three weeks after their arrival; so, though he was a New Zealander, he was to say that he “only just managed it”.

Reeves was educated at a private “prep” school in Christchurch, the local high school, and (1867–74) the Christ's College Grammar School. He had an outstanding academic career, winning Provincial Government scholarships in 1866 and 1871, a Somes scholarship in 1873, and the University of New Zealand scholarships in classics, English, modern languages, and history in 1874. He then went to England and intended to read law at Oxford, following in the footsteps of his Uncle Edward, but a breakdown of health (tuberculosis was suspected) interrupted his plans. He returned to New Zealand where he worked as a cadet at Lowcliff, a sheep station near Ashburton, in 1876–77, recovering his health. He then became a law clerk and was admitted as a barrister and solicitor in 1880, but took little interest in his profession, appearing in only one case, and reporting Supreme Court cases in Christchurch for the New Zealand Law Reports in 1883–85.

Reeves's absorbing occupations at this time were cricket and rugby. He played for Canterbury against Otago at rugby in 1878, but was too light for the game, though he showed great pluck as a three-quarter back. He was one of the best Canterbury bats, and represented his province on a number of occasions in local competition and against visiting English and Australian XIs. In 1890, while he was in Parliament, he was injured in a game of Association Football, in a collision with A. P. Harper, the mountaineer.

Increasingly Reeves was drawn to journalism as a career. In 1883 he was parliamentary reporter for his father's paper; in 1885 he became editor of the weekly Canterbury Times; and in 1889–91 he was editor of the Lyttelton Times. He resigned on becoming a Cabinet Minister. Shortly afterwards his father died, virtually bankrupt, leaving his son a relatively poor man. Though he lost his connection with the Lyttelton Times, Reeves continued to write leading articles for some years. He was one of the outstanding leader writers New Zealand has possessed. He wrote on a wide variety of topics with wit, clarity and – on political questions – party prejudice.

In 1887 Reeves founded the Canterbury Electors' Association, a strongly provincialist political organisation with a pronounced radical element that was evident in denunciations of the rich and an appeal for working-class votes. In the election of that year, parliamentary candidates backed by the association had a sweeping success. Reeves unseated the member for St. Albans. But the Stout-Vogel Government, which the association supported, was defeated. From 1887–90 Reeves sat in the Opposition, among the disorganised remnants of the Grey and Stout-Vogel Government supporters. He made a reputation as a witty debater, and when the Atkinson Government was defeated in 1890, John Ballance appointed him Minister of Education, and Justice, and, later, of Labour, in the first Liberal Government.

Reeves's opinions moved strongly to the left in 1887–96. He was very sympathetic to socialism (his son was christened Fabian), and in 1890 he outlined socialist theories in a pamphlet under the pseudonym “Pharos”. He was a hard working and (because of his radicalism and acid tongue) unpopular Minister. As our first Minister of Labour, he introduced a large number of measures regulating conditions in factories, ships, etc., the most important being the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act of 1894, which aimed at encouraging trade unionism and preventing strikes. It was the first such compulsory Act in the world and influenced legislation in Australia. In New Zealand, its influence on industrial (and class) relations has extended to the present day. Within three years, and against strong opposition, even from Liberals, Reeves gave the country the most complete labour code in the world. As Minister of Education, during a depression, he was able to achieve much less of importance.

With Edward Tregear the head of the Department of Labour, a socialist, a poet, and a linguist, Reeves formed an effective partnership. But he was not on good terms with R. J. Seddon, who succeeded Ballance as Premier in 1893, despite Reeves's opposition. By 1895 Seddon opposed further labour measures, the prospect of which alarmed the right-wing Liberals, and early in 1896, to their mutual relief, Reeves left for London as Agent-General.

Reeves was an efficient Agent-General (later High Commissioner). He became a friend of G. B. Shaw, the Webbs, and other leading leftwing intellectuals, writers, and politicians. Much of his time, for seven years, was devoted to writing. In New Zealand he had produced two volumes of verse, mainly satirical, in partnership with G. P. Williams. In England he published two more which included his best known poems, The Passing of the Forest and A Colonist in his Garden. In these and a few other poems, Reeves grappled with some of what have become chief preoccupations of New Zealand writers, and his work merits its continuing place in anthologies, though his was not a major talent.

In 1898 Reeves wrote The Long White Cloud, a history of New Zealand which is still in print. It was a remarkable achievement, judicious, thoughtful, lively, and clear. Few national histories have been better presented, and Reeves's views continued to dominate New Zealand historical writing for very many years. Then came State Experiments in Australia and New Zealand (2 vol., 1902), a scholarly work which has not been superseded as a survey of the radical and experimental legislation of the period.

Reeves's later life was a disappointment. From 1908 to 1919 he was Director of the London School of Economics, but was not a success as an academic administrator. From 1917 until 1931 he was chairman of the board of the National Bank of New Zealand. Throughout these years he was often ill. The death of his son in the Royal Naval Air Service in 1917 was a blow from which he did not recover for many years. From 1913–25 a main interest was the Anglo-Hellenic League, of which he was first president. He loved Greece and the Greeks, supported their claims for territorial expansion, and was rewarded by a doctorate from Athens University and several Greek royal honours, including a knighthood.

In 1924 Reeves roused himself from prolonged depression and revised The Long White Cloud for a third edition which included inferior chapters by another writer. For a few months in 1925–26 he made a tour of New Zealand on behalf of the bank. This greatly cheered him for he was welcomed and praised by friends and old political foes alike. He died in London on 16 May 1932, survived by his wife, née Magdalen Stuart Robison (whom he had married in 1885) and two daughters.

Reeves was a rare “all-rounder”, though he suffered most of his life from ill health, especially from neuralgic headaches. He succeeded at sport and politics, by determination, by driving himself beyond his nerves' endurance, and suffered in consequence. Two of his marked traits are not often combined: he was a valetudinarian who on several occasions showed great physical courage.

Reeves was rather aloof in manner and rarely popular among his associates, though greatly admired by trade unionists in the nineties and by New Zealand writers and intellectuals of later years. He was an unusual figure in our politics, a scholar and thinker, who was the Government's chief theoretician, strongest radical, and best debater. He had a gift for (sometimes biting) epigram, which did not endear him to his opponents, but was at the same time unusually thinskinned – too sensitive, indeed, for a long career in politics. He found the English intellectuals more congenial than most people in New Zealand, but hating the climate and the class system, he never ceased to feel an expatriate.

by Keith Sinclair, M.A., PH.D., Professor of History, University of Auckland.

• Evening Post, 21 May 1932 (Obit)
• Christchurch Star-Sun, 8 Feb 1957 (article by Richards, J. W.).

(1879–1953).

New Zealand representative cricketer.

A new biography of Reese, Daniel appears in the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography on this site.

Daniel Reese was born at Lichfield Street, Christchurch, on 26 January 1879, the son of Daniel Reese, a builder and contractor, and of Cecilia née Wilson, both parents having emigrated from Lanarkshire. He was educated at West Christchurch High School and at Canterbury University School of Engineering, and was apprenticed with Anderson's Ltd., Christchurch, from 1894 to 1900. He worked as a draughtsman with Howard Smith and Co., Melbourne, from 1900 to 1903 and was then ship's engineer until 1906. In the following year he returned to New Zealand where, in partnership with T. W. Reese, he established Reese Brothers, a Christchurch timber, coal, and hardware firm.

While still an apprentice, Reese was playing cricket for the Midland Club, Christchurch, and for Canterbury, first representing New Zealand when he was 16. He played for the Melbourne Cricket Club from 1900 to 1903, for London County, 1903, and for the Tottenham Club (London), and Essex County (W. G. Grace's team), 1906. He represented New Zealand on the Australian tour, 1898–99, 1913–14, and against Melbourne, 1899–1900; M.C.C., 1902–03, 1906–07; Australia, 1909–10, 1913–14. Reese devoted many years to cricket administration. He was a member of Lancaster Park Board of Control, 1907–21; Canterbury Cricket Association, 1907–12 (and president, 1925–53); New Zealand Cricket Council Executive, 1908–29 (and president, 1929–31, 1935–36). Outside cricket he was a member of the Government Railways Board, 1931–34, and a director of the Norwich Union Fire Insurance Co. In 1948 he wrote Was it All Cricket?, an entertaining volume of sporting and business reminiscences. On 2 April 1913, at the Methodist Church, St. Albans, Christchurch, Reese married Esther Nina Blucher, daughter of the Rev. William George Parsonson. He died at 69 Hackthorne Road, Cashmere Hills, Christchurch, on 12 June 1953.

Dan Reese was a left-hand batsman, a slowmedium bowler, and probably the best fieldsman ever seen in New Zealand. Sir P. F. Warner rated him as among the greatest of all time.

by Bernard John Foster, M.A., Research Officer, Department of Internal Affairs, Wellington.

• New Zealand Cricket, 1914–33, Reese, T. W. (1936)
• The Cricket Almanac of New Zealand, 1953 (Obit)
• Press (Christchurch), 13 June 1953 (Obit).

(1908– ).

Publisher and author.

A new biography of Reed, Alexander Wyclif appears in the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography on this site.

(1875– ).

Author and publisher.

A new biography of Reed, Alfred Hamish appears in the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography on this site.

Alfred Hamish Reed, who was born at Hayes, Middlesex, England, on 30 December 1875, the son of James William Reed and Elizabeth Reed, née Wild, came to New Zealand with his parents in 1887. After some experience as a kauri gum digger, he moved to Dunedin where, in 1897, he became manager of the Typewriter Co. Ten years later he entered the bookselling trade, when he founded the firm of A. H. and A. W. Reed. In 1932 he branched out as a publisher and, in 1935, as an author. Between 1935 and 1938 he edited three volumes of MSS. of J. W. Stack. He has also written The Isabel Reed Bible Story Book (1944); The Story of New Zealand (1945, seventh edition 1957); The Story of Otago (1947); The Gumdigger (1948); The Story of Canterbury (1949); The Story of the Kauri (1953); The Four Corners of New Zealand (1954); The Story of Northland (1956); The Story of Early Dunedin (1956); Walks in Maoriland Byways (1958); The Story of Hawke's Bay (1958); Heroes of Peace and War in Early New Zealand (1959); Historic Bay of Islands (1960); From North Cape to Bluff (1961); From East Cape to Egmont (1962); and Marlborough Journey (1963). In recent years A. H. Reed has undertaken some remarkable walking and mountain-climbing expeditions. He climbed Mount Egmont (aged 80), Mount Ruapehu (aged 83), Ngauruhoe (aged 85), walked from North Cape to Bluff (aged 85) and from East Cape to Cape Egmont (aged 86), and walked through Marlborough (aged 87). Reed was created M.B.E. in 1948.

In 1938 A. H. Reed and his wife established the Alfred and Isabel and Marian Reed Trust for the promotion of the Christian religion, of education, of literature, and for philanthropic and other benefits for the people of New Zealand. It now has a capital and assets amounting to about £20,000. Among other activities the trust has built up a collection of rare books and manuscripts for the Dunedin Public Library, including one of the most comprehensive collections of manuscripts and early printed Bibles in the Southern Hemisphere.

Since September 1958 the A. H. Reed Memorial Kauri Park Scenic Reserve, near Whangarei, commemorates the associations of the Reed family with the district.

(1822–1907).

“Father of the New Zealand Turf”.

A new biography of Redwood, Henry appears in the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography on this site.

Redwood had been brought up amongst horses and had owned and ridden racehorses in England. Soon after his arrival in New Zealand he imported seven thoroughbred stallions, including the famous sire, Sir Hercules., and 20 brood mares. His stud farm and training stables at Waimea West became known throughout Australasia. Redwood's horses and horses bred from his stud enjoyed an enviable record of successes. Horses carrying his colours (black jacket and red cap) won the Canterbury Jockey Club Handicap (now New Zealand Cup); Canterbury Derby; Canterbury Cup and Nelson Cup four times; the Canterbury Great Autumn Handicap; Canterbury Champagne Stakes and Marlborough Cup three times; the Dunedin Jockey Club Handicap and the Wellington Cup twice; and the Dunedin Cup and Dunedin Forbury Cup once. In 1875 G. G. Stead (1841–1908), the famous racehorse owner, bought a half-share in Redwood's racing stud. Under the partnership agreement Stead managed the business side while the training was put in the hands of E. Cutts. The horses were raced in the name of one or other of the partners. This arrangement, which proved immensely successful, lasted into the 1890s and was terminated when Stead bought out Redwood's share of the stud. During his lifetime Henry Redwood was known as “the Father of the New Zealand Turf” and New Zealand owes to him the importation of some of the best racing strains in the country.

In 1847, at Nelson, Redwood married Elizabeth Palmer, by whom he had two sons. He died at Blenheim on 9 November 1907. His burial service was conducted by his brother, Archbishop Redwood.

by Bernard John Foster, M.A., Research Officer, Department of Internal Affairs, Wellington.

• The New Zealand Turf Register 1906–07
• Turf, Tufts and Toe-weights, Scott, K. (et. al.) (1954)
• The Colonist (Nelson), 12 Nov 1907 (Obit).

(1839–1935).

Roman Catholic Archbishop of Wellington, Metropolitan of New Zealand.

A new biography of Redwood, Francis William appears in the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography on this site.

Redwood was born on 8 April 1839 on the Tixall estate in Staffordshire. In 1842 he came to New Zealand where his father bought land from the New Zealand Company at Waimea West in the Nelson district. He was educated at Father Garin's school in Nelson and in 1854 left New Zealand to study in France and Ireland for the Marist priesthood. He gained his licentiate of theology at Dublin and was ordained at Maynooth in 1865. In 1874 Redwood was appointed to the Bishopric of Wellington and was consecrated by Cardinal Manning at St. Ann's, Spitalfields, London, on 17 March of that year. He was created archbishop by a papal brief dated 13 May 1887. When consecrated second Bishop of Wellington, Redwood was the youngest Roman Catholic bishop in the world, and was destined to become the oldest.

At the time when roads were bad or non-existent in his archdiocese, Bishop Redwood attached great importance to personal visitations. He established numerous churches, hospitals, and orphanages, was a founder of St. Patrick's College in Wellington (opened 1885), and lived to open the new St. Patrick's College at Silverstream, in the Hutt Valley. During his episcopate, Redwood introduced many new orders into New Zealand, notable among these being the Sisters of Mercy, the Marist Brothers, the Little Company of Mary, the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, the Sisters of St. Brigid, the Sisters of the Mission, and the Sisters of St. Joseph. He also encouraged the foundation of a New Zealand order, the Sisters of Compassion. Redwood founded the Marist Fathers' Seminary in Hawke's Bay and lent his support to the foundation of Holy Cross, Mosgiel. An eloquent speaker, the Archbishop frequently preached at great ecclesiastical gatherings in Australasia. For 26 years (1877–1903), he served on the Senate of the University of New Zealand where he played an active part in its proceedings. He also became the first life member of the Early Settlers' and Historical Society, Wellington.

At the Diocesan Synod, in 1878, Redwood framed the practical Canon Law for the New Zealand Church. His Statutes provided a pattern later followed by the Auckland and Dunedin dioceses. He convened and presided over the first Provincial (Ecclesiastical) Council of Wellington (1899), and played a prominent role in the first Plenary Council of Sydney (1885). Archbishop Redwood died at Wellington on 3 January 1935.

For more than 60 years Redwood was a wellknown personality in the Dominion and in the City of Wellington. His Nelson family background, his overseas education, and his gifts as a preacher and lecturer combined to make him the builder, in New Zealand, of a catholicity typical of the country yet remaining in touch with its European heritage. Though not an original thinker himself, Redwood was a splendid populariser of religious teaching and of its latest developments. His energies were guided by the wider claims of his own church rather than by the administrative details of his archdiocese; but in spite of this, the needs of the wider community were not neglected as his interest in the foundation of hospitals and orphanages shows. A man of true simplicity, without pride or arrogance, he will be remembered as a great churchman, patriot, and humanitarian. It is a matter for regret to the historian that Archbishop Redwood did not leave any personal papers and letters.

by Francis Michael McKay, S.M., M.A., St. Patrick's College, Wellington.

• Reminiscences of Early Days in New Zealand, Redwood, F. (1922)
• The Church in New Zealand, Wilson J. J. (2 vols., 1910)
• History of the Catholic Church in Australasia, Moran, P. F. (n.d.)
• Statuta Diocesis Wellingtoniensis (1878).