He tuku kōrero ā-waha te Māori i ngā wā o mua. Nō te haerenga mai o ngā mihinare kātahi ka akona e rātou te Māori ki te pānui me te tuhi. Ko ngā tuhinga tōmua rawa a te Māori ko ngā tauira a ēnei mihinare. He maha hoki ngā reta i tuhia e te Māori i te rautau 1800 – nā rātou rānei i whakamahi i ngā mihinare, i ētahi atu Māori hei kaituhi.
He huhua tonu ngā reta hei akiaki i ngā āpiha o te kāwanatanga. I te wā o te pakanga a te Tai Tokerau ki te Karauna, ka tuhi reta te rangatira o Ngāpuhi, a Hōne Heke Pōkai ki a Kāwana Kerei. I te tau 1845 ka pātai ia, ‘I ahatia te mahara atawhai o Ingarangi? Kei roto rānei i ōna pūrepo me ōna matā?’1
I te tau 1847, i mua noa atu i tōna whakawahinga hei kīngi, ka tuhi reta a Pōtatau Te Wherowhero ki a Kuini Wikitōria: ‘E hine, whakarongo mai rā ki ngā kōrero e haere ana, e mea ana ō Minita ka murua harakoretia ngā whenua a ngā Māori, ka pouri te ngākau.’2 I roto i tāna reta i te tau 1868, ka mea te kaingārahu o Ngā Ruahine, a Tītokowaru mō te kaitangata. ‘E kore au e mate; ka mate anō te mate, ka ora anō ahau.’3 Inā te tini o ngā reta a ngā rangatira kei roto i ngā kohinga a Te Mākarini me Kerei.
I waenganui i te rautau 1800, māringanui te aranga mai o ngā niupepa Māori, i puta ai he taumata kōrero mā te Māori, arā, mō ana tuhinga ki ngā niupepa. He maha ngā reta i tuhia ki ngā niupepa reo Māori nā te kāwanatanga i tautoko. I muri iho i te hui i Kohimarama i te tau 1860, he huhua ngā reta mai i ngā iwi o te motu ka tāia ki roto i te Maori Messenger – Te Karere Maori. I tīkina ngā kaupapa kōrero maha, ko te whenua, te pakanga, te tino rangatiratanga me te Kīngitanga ētahi o aua kaupapa.
Nō muri mai ka tuhia ngā reta ki ngā niupepa nā te Māori motuhake i whakatū, i whakahaere. Nā konei ka whai reo ngā whakaaro a te Māori ki te ao. Ko ngā tāpaetanga whakaaro a ngā ētita, he whakaaro Māori tonu.
Ko Wiremu Pātara Te Tuhi te ētita o Te Hokioi e Rere atu na, te niupepa a te Kīngitanga. I taea e ia te whakaputa i ngā whakaaro o te Kīngitanga i mua tonu i te pakanga i Waikato. Ko Te Wananga te niupepa o te rōpū whakahē i ngā hoko whenua i Te Matau-a-Māui. Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere ko Hēnare Tomoana rāua ko Karaitiana Takamoana. He makamaka kōhatu tā rāua ko te niupepa kāwanatanga o Te Waka Maori o Nui Tireni.
Ko Ihāia Hūtana te ētita o Huia Tangata Kotahi, ko Pūrākau Maika te ētita o Te Puke ki Hikurangi. Ko ngā nuipepa ēnei a te Kotahitanga. Ka whakaputa tētahi, tētahi, i āna tirohanga, i āna tirohanga ki te ao tōrangapū. Nā Te Whatahoro i ētita Te Tiupiri, he niupepa whakahau i ngā mahi a te Kotahitanga.
I waenga pū o te rautau 1800, ka tīmata te Māori ki te tuhi i ā rātou kōrero tuku iho. Ko Wiremu Maihi Te Rangikāheke tētahi o ngā kaituhi rongonui o te wā, ā, e ai ki ētahi ko ia te tumu kōrero tuatahi o Aotearoa. E 21 ngā tuhinga i whakaputaina e Te Rangikāheke, ā, i whai wāhi ia ki ngā tuhinga 17 a ētahi atu – tata tonu ki te 800 ngā whārangi i tuhia e ia. Nā Te Rangikāheke te nuinga o ngā kōrero i te pukapuka o Hōri Kerei, Ko nga moteatea, me nga hakirara o nga Maori (i te tau 1853). Nāna anō te hauwhā o ngā kōrero o roto i te pukapuka o Ko nga mahinga a nga tupuna Maori (i te tau 1854) me te whakapākehātanga a Polynesian mythology (i te tau 1855).
Mai i ngā tau i waenganui o te rautau 1800 ka utua te Māori e te kaituhi e John White, kia tuhia ā rātou kōrero ki te reo Māori. He huhua ngā Māori i kapo atu i tēnei tūāhua ki te whakatakoto i ā rātou kōrero kia mau tonu ai. Ko ētahi o ngā kaituhi ko Hoani Meihana Te Rangiotū, ko Te Whatahoro Jury, ko Hāmiora Pio. He nui ngā here me ngā ture i ūhia ki runga i ngā tuhinga i mua i te whakaputanga. He wā anō, ka whakahē ētahi kaituhi ki te whāki i ngā kōrero, nā te whānau, nā te iwi rānei i whakahē.
He tokomaha anō ngā Māori i tuhi mā te Hautaka o te Rōpū Poronīhia i waihangatia i te tau 1892. Ko ētahi o ngā kaituhi Māori tuatahi ko Hare Hongi nō Ngāpuhi, ko Hoani Tūnuiārangi nō Ngāti Kahungunu, ko Timi Waata Rimini, ko Tutu Tamari, ko Te Kāhui Kararehe (nō Taranaki katoa), ko Hoani Nahe me Takaanui Tarakawa (nō Te Arawa).
He Pākehā kē te kaituhi o ngā kōrero tuku iho a ngā iwi maha. Heoi, ko ētahi nā te Māori tonu i tuhituhi.
I ngā tau tōmua o te rautau 1900, ka tāmate haere te mātauranga Māori. Nō konei ka hangaia Te Komiti Tūpai o Tānenuiārangi hei whakaora i ngā mātauranga taketake o Wairarapa. He nui ngā kōrero i whiriwhiria e rātou, ā, ka waitohua e rātou ki te tohu o te komiti hei whakaū i ngā kōrero tika.
I te tau 1944 ka tuhi a Tiaki Mitchell mō Ngāti Kahungunu i roto i tāna pukapuka o Takitimu. I taua tau ka whakaputaina e Āpirana Ngata te Rauru-nui-a-Toi lectures and Ngati Kahungunu origins. Nō te tau 1972 ka tāia anō tēnei pukapuka. Nō te tau 1995 ka whakaputa murimatetia te pukapuka a Pei Te Hurinui Jones e pā ana ki a Tainui.
Ko te kaupapa o te tuhingaroa paerua a Ruka Broughton ko tōna iwi ko Ngā Rauru. Nō muri i tōna matenga ka whakaputaina ōna tuhinga e pā ana ki te kaingārahu ki a Tītokowaru. He reo Māori ēnei pukapuka e rua. Nā Wiremu Wi Hongi rāua ko Patu Hōhepa i mahi tahi me Jeff Sisson ki te tuhi i The puriri trees are laughing (1987), he tuhinga e pā ana ki a Ngāpuhi. Nō muri noa mai i tōna matenga ka whakaputaina te pukapuka a Rongowhakaata Halbert e pā ana ki ngā iwi o Te Tai Rāwhiti, e kīia ana ko Horouta. I te tau 2007 ka whakaputa a Ranginui Walker i Ōpōtiki-mai-tawhiti: capital of Whakatōhea, ā, i te tau 2005 ka whakaputa a Tony Sole i a Ngāti Ruanui: a history. Ko Te Maire Te Tau rāua ko Atholl Anderson ngā ētita o Ngāi Tahu: a migration history (i te tau 2008).
Ko ētahi tuhinga tōmua i puta mai i ngā hui a te Kotahitanga o ngā Tamariki o te Kāreti o Te Aute (i tīmataria i te tau 1897). Nā te kaiwhakaū o te rōpū nā Apirana Ngata me ētahi anō o ngā mema i whakairo ngā tuhinga. Nō muri mai ka mōhiotia rātou ko te Rōpū Rangatahi Māori. Ahakoa i pau tōna kaha ki ngā mahi tōrangapū, i ngana tonu ia ki te rangahau me te tuhi i te ahurea me ngā tikanga tuku iho a te Māori.
He nui ngā takoha atu a Te Rangi Hīroa ki te kaupapa, ā, ko tana tuhinga e pā ana ki a Parihaka tērā. I te tīmatanga o te rautau 1900 ka whakaputaina e ia ngā tuhinga i roto i ngā niupepa o te Whare Taonga o Aotearoa me te Hautaka o te Rōpū Poronīhia. Mai i te tekau tau 1920 ka kuhu ia ki te hōhonutanga o te mātauranga tikanga tangata, ā, ka tāia āna tuhinga e pā ana ki ngā kākahu Māori me te ahurea rawa o ngā Kuki Airani. Nāwai ka tū ia hei kairangahau ki te Whare Taonga Pīhopa i Hawaii i kauneke ai ia mai i te tūranga pia, ki te tūranga ngaio i roto i ngā mahi mātauranga tikanga tangata. Nāwai ka tū ia hei ringa tohu mō te whare taonga. Ko te pukapuka rongonui a Te Rangi Hīroa ko Vikings of the sunrise (i te tau 1938) e pā ana ki ngā kōrero tuku iho, ngā mātauranga momo tangata me te hanganga ā-iwi o ngā iwi o Poronīhia.
I te tau 1926 ka uru a Mākereti Papakura ki te tohu paetahi tikanga ā-iwi o te Whare Wānanga o Oxford ki Ingarangi. Heoi i mua tata i tōna whakamātautauranga i te tau 1930, ka haukotia ia e mate. Ko tāna pukapuka, The old-time Maori, i whakaputa murimatetia i te tau 1938, e te komiti mātauranga tikanga tangata o Oxford. Ko tēnei te pukapuka whānui tuatahi i tuhia e te Māori mō ngā mātauranga tikanga tangata. Nō te tau 1986 ka tāia anō te pukapuka, me te kupu whakataki a Ngāhuia Te Awekōtuku.
I te tau 1954 ka riro i a Maharaia Winiata te tohu kairangi i te Whare Wānanga o Edinburgh. Ko ia te Māori tuatahi kia whiwhi i te tohu kairangi mai i te whare wānanga o tāwāhi. I whakairo kupu kōrero a Winiata i te maheni a Te Tari Māori, arā, Te Ao Hou, me te Journal of the Polynesian Society. I whakarewaina tāna pukapuka The changing role of the leader in Maori society (1967) i muri i tōna matenga.
Ko Ngāpare Hopa te wahine Māori tuatahi kia whakamānawatia ki te tohu kairangi mai i te Whare Wānanga o Oxford i te tau 1977. I te tau 1955 ka riro i a Bruce Biggs te tohu kairangi wetereo mai i te Whare Wānanga o Indiana. I te tau 1962 ka riro mai i a Hugh Kāwharu te tohu mai i Oxford; i te tau 1965 ka whiwhi a Patu Hōhepa i tāna i te Whare Wānanga o Indiana; i te tau 1968 ka riro i a Hirini Mead tāna, ā, i te tau 1970 ka riro i a Ranginui Walker tāna tohu kairangi. Katoa rātou he mātanga, he tohunga tuhi kōrero.
He taiea ngā whakapau kaha a Bruce Biggs ki te mātauranga wetereo Māori. Ko tāna e rongonui nei ia pea ko tana pukapuka, Let’s learn Māori (i te tau 1969). I te tau 1994 ka whakaputa a Mason Durie i tana pukapuka Whaiora: Māori health development. I te tau 1961 ka tuhia e Hirini Mead tāna pukapuka mō te toi Māori, Art of Māori carving.
I te tau 1992 ka tuhi a Te Ahukaramū Charles Royal i Te haurapa: an introduction to researching tribal histories and traditions, he tuhinga i whakamahi whānuitia ai e ngā kairangahau Māori. I te tau 1999 ka whakaputa a Linda Tuhiwai Smith i Decolonizing methodologies, he pukapuka e pā ana ki ngā rangahau taketake. I horapa whānui tāna pukapuka, hei puna mō ngā mātauranga Māori, ngā mātauranga taketake me ngā wānanga.
I te tau 2009 ka tuhi a Royal i Te ngākau: he wānanga i te mātauranga i roto i te reo Māori. I te tau 2014 ka tuhi a Poia Rewi rāua ko Rāwinia Higgins i The value of the Māori language: Te hua o te reo Māori, e pā ana ki te oranga o te reo Māori i te tau 2014.
Nō te rautau 2000 kua puawai haere te uru haere a te Māori ki ngā mahi rangahau, tuhituhi hoki. I te tau 1992 ka whakatūria te kāhui tumu kōrero o Te Pouhere Kōrero. I te tau 2006 ka whakatūria te rōpū Māori mō ngā tikanga ā-iwi, arā, te Māori Association of Social Sciences, ā, i ia rua tau hui ai te rōpū.
He maha ngā tumuaki Māori kua whakatūria e ngā whare wānanga, pērā i a Jim Peters i Te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki-makaurau; i a Piri Sciascia i Te Whare Wānanga o Te Ūpoko o Te Ika me Linda Tuhiwai Smith i Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato. Ko Smith te wahine Māori tuatahi kia noho ki tēnei tūranga. He Māori ngā ūpoko o ngā wānanga e toru – a Te Wānanga o Aotearoa, Te Whare Wānanga o Awanuiārangi me Te Wānanga o Raukawa.
I te tau 2002 ka whakatūria Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga hei tautoko i ngā rangahau me ngā tuhinga Māori.
He nui ngā waiata i kohia, i tirohia, i whakamāramatia i ngā pukapuka e whā o Ngā Mōteatea. He kaupapa nui tēnei i kawea i roto i ngā tekau tau maha. I huatakina te kaupapa e Apirana Ngata me tōna matapopore ki ngā waiata mōteatea, kei ngaro. I tūmanako anō ia, ā tōna wā ka whakaurua ēnei waiata ki roto i te marautanga mō te reo me te ahurea Māori ki ngā whare wānanga. Ko te pukapuka tuatahi me te pukapuka tuarua o Ngā mōteatea he mea whakaputa i te pito o te tekau tau 1920. Ko te pukapuka tuatoru i whakaputaina i te tau 1970, ā, ko Pei Te Hurinui Jones te ētita. I te tau 1990 ka puta te pukapuka tuawhā, ko Tāmati Reedy te ētita. I raro i a Hirini Moko Mead ka whakapākehātia te pukapuka tuawhā i te tau 2007.
Ko te hiahia a te komiti whakahou i te whakamāoritanga o te Paipera, he whakaputa i tētahi pukapuka hei puna mō te reo Māori tūturu, otirā hei ‘whakahoki anō ki te Paipera Māori te tatangi rōreka o te reo, tōna mita, tōna manawataki, me te tohungatanga o te takoto o te kupu Māori.’.1
He Pākehā te katoa o ngā kaiwhakamāori i Te paipera tapu. I waenganui pū o te rautau 1900 ka whakatauria me whakahou. Ko te nuinga o te komiti he Māori, ka mutu ko John Laughton te ūpoko, ko ērā atu mema ko Pererika Pēneti (Pīhopa o Aotearoa), ko Eru Te Tuhi, ko Āpirana Ngata, ko William Bird, ko Te Hihi Kaa, ko Wiremu Pānapa. I oti ngā whakahoutanga i te tau 1949, ā, nō te tau 1952 ka whakaputaina.
He mahinga nā te whānau kotahi te papakupu a Wiremu. Ko ngā putanga e rima tuatahi he mea tuhituhi nā William Williams rātou ko tāna tama a William Leonard Williams, me te tama a William Leonard, a Herbert William Williams. I runga i tāna mahi whakahou i te Paipera, ka huia anō he komiti whakahou i te papakupu. Heoi i mua i te whanaketanga o ngā mahi a te komiti, ka mate atu a Ngata rāua ko tana hoa mahi, a William Cooper, tētahi o ngā mema.
Nō muri mai ka tāpirihia ētahi atu mema hei whakakī i te whāruarua. Nā te tama a Ngata, nā W. T. Ngata (te hēkeretari o te rōpū) rātou i tohu. I te tau 1957 ka oti i a rātou ngā mahi, ā, nō te tau 1970, ka whakaputaina te putanga tuawhitu.
Nāwai ka whakaemia anō ētahi atu papakupu. I te tau 1993 ka whakaputaina te papakupu a Hōri Mahue Ngata. Ā, nō te tau 2008 ka whakaputaina e te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori te papakupu Māori o He pātaka kupu – te kai a te rangatira, i raro i te Taura Whiri i Te Reo Māori.
He tohunga whakamārama reo a Pei Te Hurinui Jones. Nāna i whakamāori ngā whakaari a Rūrūtao, Te tangata whai rawa o Wēneti, Julius Caesar me Othello, tae atu ki te whakaari o The rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám nā Edward Fitzgerald. I te tekau tau 2000 ka whakamāori a Te Haumihiata Mason i ngā whakaari a Rūrūtao, sonnet 18 (‘Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?’), me Troilus and Cressida. E rua, e rua ēnei whakaari i whakaaturia ki te Taiwhanga o Globe, ki Rānana.
I te pito o te tekau tau 1960 ahu mai ki te tekau tau 1970 ka araara ake ngā mahi mautohe whakatumatuma puta noa i te ao. Ko tā te Māori i whawhai ai ko te noho tāone, ko ngā hokonga whenua, ko te ngaronga o te reo me te ahurea Māori, me te kaikiri. I hau whānui ngā ariā o te ao me te motu i roto i ngā tuhinga, ā, taro kau ake e tuhi whakaaro ana ngā Māori mō ngā kaupapa mautohe maha.
I te tau 1975 ka whakaputa te tumu kōrero Pākehā a Michael King i Te ao hurihuri, arā, he tirohanga Māori ki te ao hou. He mea onge tēnei momo pukapuka i tērā wā, nā te mea ko te nuinga o ngā kaituhi he Māori. Inā te whanui o ngā kōrero. Ko Te Uira Manihera, ko Ngoi Pēwhairangi me Te Rangihau ngā kaiwhakataki, e kōrero ana mō te ako me te tapu; ko Tīmoti Karetu te kaituhi mō te reo me ngā tikanga o te marae, ko Harry Dansey te kaituhi mō te tirohanga Māori ki te mate, ko Ranginui Walker te kaituhi mō te whai māramatanga ki ngā kōrero tuku iho.
I ngā tau tōmua o te tekau tau 1980 ka puta ngā tuhinga a Donna Awatere e pā ana ki te tino rangatiratanga, i te maheni o Broadsheet. I te tau 1984 ka whakaputaina e ia tana pukapuka Māori sovereignty. I taua tau anō ka puta te pukapuka a Te Ringa Mangu Mīhaka rāua ko Patricia Prince e kīia ana ko Whakapohane. Ko te kaupapa o tēnei pukapuka ko te whakapohane a Mīhaka ki te Pirini me te Pirinihi o Wērā, me āna tohenga ki te ture i roto i ngā kōti, i tōna whakawākanga.
I te tau 1989 ka ētita a Hugh Kāwharu i tētahi pukapuka e pā ana ki ngā tirohanga a te Māori me te Pākehā ki te tiriti. Ko ngā kaituhi Māori o tēnei pukapuka ko Kāwharu tonu, ko Waerete Norman, ko Tipene O’Regan, ko Ranginui Walker, ko Mason Durie, ko Bruce Biggs.
I te tau 1990, 150 tau i muri i te hainatanga i te tiriti, ka whakaputa a Ranginui Walker i Ka whawhai tonu mātou: struggle without end. I roto i tēnei pukapuka ka huri kōarotia te tirohanga, ā, ko te tirohanga Māori kei mua rawa, ko ngā manene ki raro.
He iti noa ngā Māori i whakaputa whakaaro ki ngā putanga auraki. Nā Ranginui Walker i tuhi kōrero mō te maheni o New Zealand Listener me Metro i te tekau tau 1980. I muri i a ia ko Rāwiri Taonui, te toa o te taonga kairīpoata toa ki ngā take Māori i ngā tau 2007, 2008 hoki. Ko ētahi anō kairīpoata taiea ko Tahu Pōtiki (nō Ngāi Tahu), ko Malcolm Mulholland (nō Ngāti Kahungunu) me Peter Moeahu.
He tokoiti noa iho ngā kaituhi haurongo a te Māori. I te rautau i te tau 1940, ka mea te kaituhi o Dictionary of New Zealand biography, a Guy Scholefield ‘i te wā e ora tonu ana nga koroua, ngā kuia, ngā tohunga hoki, me tahuri ngā pūkenga Māori ki te tuhi i ngā haurongo Māori’. 1
I te tau 1949, ka whakaputa a Rēweti Kōhere i te haurongo mō tōna koroua mō Mōkena Kōhere, e kīia ana The story of a Maori chief. I te tau 1951 ka whakaputa ia i te pukapuka, The autobiography of a Maori. E rua e rua i roto i te reo Pākehā. I te tau 1961 ka whakaputa a Pei Te Hurinui Jones i a Puhiwahine: Māori poetess. Heoi ko te nuinga tonu o ngā haurongo mō ngā Māori, nā te Pākehā kē i tuhi.
I te tau 1976 ka whakaputaina te haurongo a Anne Salmond mō Amiria Manutahi Stirling e kīia ana ko Amiria: the life story of a Māori woman. I te tau (1980) ka whakaputaina te haurongo mō Eruera Stirling e kī ana ko Eruera: the teachings of a Māori elder. I te tau 1985 ka whakaemi a Ngoi Pēwhairangi i ngā kōrero mō tōna whāea, mō Tuini Ngāwai, ā, ka whakaputaina iho e ia te haurongo o Tuini: her life and songs i te tau 1985. Nō te tau 1988, ka whakaputaina te haurongo a Buddy Mikaere e pā ana ki te poropiti, ki a Te Maiharoa, ā, e kīia ana ko Te Maiharoa and the promised land.
I te tau 1998 ka whakaputa a Peneamine Natana-Patuawa i tōna ake haurongo mō tōna tātā i te Ipu o Amerika, e kīia ana ko Tino rangatiratanga: a political autobiography.
Mai i te tekau tau 1980 ka whakaurua ngā haurongo Māori ki roto i te pukapuka o Ngā tāngata taumata rau. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaituhi he uri nō aua tāngata rā. He mahi tahi ia ki te whānau. Hei tauira, nā Whai Ngata i tuhi te haurongo mō te toa o Ngāti Porou, mō Te Moananui-a-Kiwa Ngārimu. Nā Mānuka Hēnare i tuhi te haurongo mō Rewi Maniapoto, ā, nā Pou Tēmara i tuhi te haurongo mō tōna tipuna, mō Mihi-ki-te-kapua.
He nui ngā haurongo o nāianoa nei nā ngā uri tonu i tuhi. I te tau 1995 ka tuhi a Bradford Haami i te haurongo o tōna koroua a Golan Maaka, e kī ana ko Dr Golan Maaka: Maori doctor. Ka mutu nā tana mokopuna nā Hinemoa Ruataupare Awatere ngā kōrero a tōna koroua i ētita kia hua mai te pukapuka o Awatere: a soldier’s story i te tau 2003.
I whakaputaina te haurongo a Ranginui Walker mō Tā Apirana Ngata i te tau 2001. I te tau 2007 ka puta te pukapuka a Paul Diamond mō Mākereti Papakura e kīia ana ko Mākereti: taking Māori to the world. I te tau 2008 ka puta te pukapuka a Tania Ka’ai e kīia ana ko Ngoingoi Pēwhairangi: A remarkable life. Nō mua atu ka tuhi ia i te haurongo mō Ngoi i roto i Ngā tāngata taumata rau. I taua tau ka whakaputaina tā Ranginui Walker pukapuka e kīia ana ko Pakariki Harrision, the story of a master carver. I te tau 2010 ka puta te pukapuka a Joe Pere mō tōna tipuna mō Wiremu Pere.
Curnow, Jenifer, Ngapare Hopa and Jane McRae, eds. Rere atu, taku manu! Discovering history, language and politics in the Māori-language newspapers. Tāmakimakaurau: Auckland University Press, 2002.
Della Valle, Paola. From silence to voice: the rise of Māori literature. Tāmakimakaurau: Libro International, 2010.
Orbell, Margaret. Letters to the mountain: Māori letters to the editor, 1898–1905: He reta ki te maunga. Tāmakimakaurau: Reed Books, 2002.
Ngata, Āpirana Turupa. Ngā mōteatea: he maramara rere nō ngā waka maha. 4 vols. Tāmakimakaurau: Auckland University Press, 2004–7.
Paterson, Lachy. Colonial discourses: niupepa Māori 1855–1863. Ōtākou: Otago University Press, 2006.