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Te Wera Hauraki

by Angela Ballara

Biography

Ko Hauraki te tama a Kaitara, tētahi o ngā kaingārahu matua o Ngāti Hineira me Te Uri Taniwha o Ngāpuhi. I a ia e tamariki ana, i noho a Hauraki ki te pā o Pukenui, i Te Ahuahu, i te rohe o Pēwhairangi (Bay of Islands). Ko tētahi o ngā wāhine a Kaitara ko Inu o Ngāti Pou; tērā pea ko ia te whaea o Hauraki. He whanaunga a Hauraki ki a Tara o Kororāreka (Russell). I te wā e taitama ana rāua ko tana teina, a Te Kōpiri, i whawhai rāua i te pakanga a Whāingaroa ki te pei i a Ngāti Pou atu i Taiāmai ki Whangaroa ki Te Hokianga.

I te tau 1817 e noho ana a Hauraki i tana kāinga i Motuiti, i raro iho i te awa i Kerikeri; i reira ka haere atu a Te Kēnara (Thomas Kendall) rāua ko John King kia kite i a ia i te 21 o Ākuhata, ki te āwhina i a ia ki te rui witi. I te tau i muri mai, i haere tahi rāua ko tana whanaunga, a Te Morenga, me te ope taua i hou atu ki Rangitāiki, ki te taha uta o Te Teko. I konei pea ka whakarauorahia e Hauraki tētahi wahine o Ngāti Rangiwewehi, ko Te Ao-kapurangi tōna īngoa. I whakahokia e ia ki Pēwhairangi, ka moea hei wahine māna. I aituāhia tā rāua tamaiti. I wera i te ahi. Ka tangohia e Hauraki ko Te Wera hei īngoa mōna.

Tae rawa atu ki Oketopa o te tau 1819 kua hoki kē a Te Wera ki Motuiti, ā, ka haere atu a Te Mātenga (Samuel Marsden), te minita whakahaere o New South Wales, kia kite i a rāua ko Te Kōpiri i te 12 o Oketopa. I te paunga o taua tau ka haere a Te Wera rātou ko Tītore mā me te ope taua mō ngā marama 16, ki te āwhina pea i a Pōmare I i tana whakaekenga i te pā o Te Whetū-matarau, i Te Tai Rāwhiti. I hono atu anō pea ki a Peehi Tūkorehu me tētahi ope o Waikato e whakaeke ana i a Rongowhakaata i Waipaoa, i te rohe o Tūranganui-a-Kiwa (Poverty Bay). E mōhiotia ana i pākia te iwi o Te Māhia me Te Wairoa e Te Wera mā, ka hoki anō rātou ki Pēwhairangi i te marama o Āperira 1821. I whakahokia e Te Wera e 40 ngā herehere. Ko tētahi ko Te Whareumu, he kaingārahu taitama nō Nukutaurua i Te Māhia, me tana tuahine. E kīia ana nā Te Wera i moe te tuahine hei wahine māna.

I te tau 1822 i whakamatea e Tūhourangi i Rotokākahi, a Te Pae-o-te-rangi, he kaingārahu nō Ngāpuhi. Tokorua o ana hoa i puta i taua parekura tuatahi, ka patua e Ngāti Whakaue i Ōhinemutu, Rotorua. I te taenga o te rongo ki Pēwhairangi ka whakatauria mā te ope nui tonu e ngaki ērā mate. Nā Te Wera te kupu kia waiho mō te tau i muri mai. Nōna hoki ērā whanaunga. I tō rātou taenga atu ki Tauranga ka rongo kua taki heke a Te Arawa ki te moutere o Mokoia, i Rotorua. I whakaritea ko te awaawa o Pongakawa te wāhi pai mō te haere atu, ā, ka whakataungia kia kaua ngā whanaunga o Te Ao-kapurangi e noho ana i reira, e whakaekea. I te taenga atu o te ope ki tōna taumata, ka whakaaengia anō kia whakaekea ko Tūhourangi me Ngāti Whakaue anake, ā, kia waiho noa tōna ake hapū. I whakamanangia a Te Ao-kapurangi me Tahu, tētahi atu o ngā wāhine a Te Wera, kia haere ki Mokoia hei takawaenga kia puta mai ngā whanaunga o Te Ao-kapurangi. Kāhore i tutuki. Ka kī atu a Te Ao-kapurangi me haere tahi ia me te ope taua. Māna tōna iwi e whakaahuru.

Ko tā Hongi Hika i kōrero ai ki a Te Mātenga, nā Te Wera rāua ko Pōmare I i whakaeke a Mokoia i mua atu i te taenga atu o te ope nui, ēngari i ākina mai. Nō te haerenga atu kē o Hongi ka tukuna a Te Ao-kapurangi ki te whakaputa i tōna iwi. I muri mai i taua pakanga ka whakahaungia e Te Wera kia tau te rangimārie ki runga i ērā o Ngāpuhi e hiahia tonu ana ki te whawhai ki a Te Arawa. Ka karangatia atu e ia te tama a Te Ao-kapurangi ki tana tāne tuatahi, a Te Hihiko, ki tana taha. Ka mea: 'Taku tamaiti'. 'Titiro, e Ngāpuhi, kua whakaekea taku tuarā e tētahi kei mua i a koutou.' Ka tau te rangimārie ki a Ngāpuhi.

Ka mutu te whawhai i Mokoia, ka wehe a Te Wera rāua ko Pōmare I i a Hongi. I roto i te taua a Te Wera ko tana taokete, a Te Whareumu, i kī taurangitia rā ka whakahokia ki tōna iwi i Te Māhia. Ka haere rātou mā Whakatāne me Ōpōtiki, me te whakamataku i ngā iwi o reira. I Wharekura, i Te Kaha, ka whakaekea a Te Wera, ā, ka whakamatea tana irāmutu, a Marino. I tēnei wā, kua wehe kē a Te Wera rāua ko Pōmare. Ko Te Wera e tere atu ana ki Te Tai Rāwhiti, ka tūtaki ki a Te Kani-ā-Takirau o Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti. Ko te tūmanako a Te Kani-ā-Takirau kia houhia te rongo ki ngā taua mau pū o Ngāpuhi, me kore e āwhina i a ia ki te whawhai ki a Ngāti Porou, nā rātou nei i ngaro ai tōna tupuna a Hinematioro. Ka mea ake a Te Wera, me mātua whakatutuki e ia te whakahoki i a Te Whareumu ki tōna iwi, ka hoki mai ai ki te āwhina i a Te Kani.

Hoe atu ana a Te Wera i tana waka taua, i a Herua, ki Te Māhia. Ka tae te kōrero ki ngā iwi o Te Whareumu, ka whakaae rātou ki te arataki mai i a Te Wera i Pukenui, ki Te Māhia. Ka ūhia he mana ki runga ki a Te Wera. Ka tukuna he whenua i Te Māhia ki a ia.

Ka noho tūturu a Te Wera ki reira, ka tū ia hei kaingārahu mō rātou. Ka tūtaki ia ki a Te Hauwaho o Heretaunga, e takatū ana ki te whakaea i te patunga o tana tuakana, o Hungahunga, e Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri o Heretaunga me Pātea. I tūtaki anō hoki a Te Wera ki te kaingārahu o Te Wairoa, ki a Te Waikōpiro, ko Te Waikōpua rānei tōna īngoa. Ko tōna hiahia kia āwhinatia ia ki te ngaki te mate o tana tamaiti, o Whakapararākau i ngā iwi o Te Wairarapa. Ka whakaae ia ki te āwhina i ēnei kaupapa.

Ka tere whakarunga a Te Wera, a Te Whareumu me Ngāpuhi i te taha o Te Hauwaho me Te Waikōpiro. I Ahuriri i patua ētahi wāhine o Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri. Ka haere te ope taua ki Te Awanga mā Te Kauae-o-Māui (Cape Kidnappers), ka whakaekengia ngā iwi o Kurupō Te Moananui. Ko ētahi o te ope i hiahia ki te whakaeke i te kaingārahu o Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti, a Te Pareihe, ēngari ka ātetetia i Waimārama e Ngāti Kahungunu o Te Wairoa. Ka puni a Te Wera me ōna toa ki te pā o Tānenui-a-Rangi, i te awa o Ngaruroro.

Ka whakatata mai a Te Pareihe rāua ko Tiakitai o Ngāti Kurukuru, o Waimārama, me ō rāua toa, ki Tānenui-a-Rangi. Kātahi ka karapotia ohoreretia e ngā toa a Te Wera. Ahakoa te whakaririkatanga, i houhia te rongo, ka whakakotahi ngā ope e rua. I whakaraua ngātahitia e rāua te pā o Te Roto-a-Tara, e nohoia ana i taua wā e Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri me ō rātou haumi o Taupō. Ko tētahi wāhanga o te ope i noho ki te pā me ngā herehere tokomaha; ko ētahi i āwhina i a Tiakitai rāua ko Te Waikōpua kia ea ai ō rāua mate i Te Wairarapa.

I tō rātou hokinga mai ki Te Roto-a-Tara, ka whakakotahi anō ngā ope e rua. I te rongonga i te haerenga mai o Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri mā Tikokino, ka rangatū atu rātou ki te tūtaki, ka raru rātou me ō rātou hoa o Ngāti Raukawa rātou ko Ngāti Tūwharetoa i te pakanga o Te Whiti-o-Tū. I matakite te tohunga a Te Pareihe tērā e whakaekengia a Heretaunga e Waikato me ētahi atu, ka mauria e Te Wera tōna iwi ki Nukutaurua. I whakamomori ia ki te whakahau i a Ngāti Kahungunu ki te whai i a ia, kāhore he hua; ēngari i whai mai a Te Pareihe me Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti me te tokomaha noa atu o ngā hapū o te rohe mai i Heretaunga ki Te Wairarapa. I muri tata mai ka tae mai tētahi ope taua o Waikato i raro i a Te Paewaka, ka haoa te pā o Ngāti Kahungunu, a Te Pakake, i Ahuriri (Napier).

I a rātou e whakatahi ana ka tūtaki a Waikato ki tētahi ope tino nui i raro i te maru o Mananui Te Heuheu Tūkino II o Ngāti Tūwharetoa. I roto i taua ope nei ko te tokomaha o ētahi iwi atu, e haere mai ana ki te whakaeke i a Te Pareihe me Te Wera nā runga i tō rāua toa i Te Whiti-o-Tū. Ka whai haere tēnei ope i te ara o Te Pareihe; ka tūpono atu ki a rāua ko Te Wera e noho ana i te pā o Ōkūrārenga, i Nukutaurua. E hia ngā wiki i pakanga ai. Ka kore kai ngā kaiwhakangungu o te pā, ka kōhuatia te oneuku i roto i te pā. Ka tapaina te īngoa Kaiuku mō taua pā. Kua tonoa kē he karere ki Te Tai Rāwhiti, kātahi ka pākia ohoreretia ngā kaiwhakaeke e ngā toa o Rongowhakaata me Ngāti Porou. I raru tēnei ope i te ope a Mananui, ēngari i te roanga ka houhia te rongo ki ngā kaiwhakangungu o Kaiuku, ā, ka whakatahi rātou.

I a ia e noho ana i Nukutaurua, ka tae mai te rongo ki a Te Wera i patua ētahi o tōna iwi e Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki. I mauria e ia tōna ope mā ngā waka e toru ki Ūawa, ka hono atu a Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti, ahakoa i noho atu tō rātou kaingārahu, a Te Kani-ā-Takirau, ki te whakatika i ngā kai mā ngā ope taua. Ka tere te ope o Te Wera ki Tokomaru, i reira ka whakapaengia te pā o Ngāti Porou i Tuatini.

I ngā rā tōmua o te tau 1824 i āwhina a Te Wera i a Pōmare I ki te muru i te pā o Titirangi i te awaawa o Waiau, ki uta atu o Te Wairoa; ka mate te tino rangatira, a Te Whenuariri. I te wā i nohoia anō e Te Momo-a-Irawaru, o Ngāti Te Koherā (he wāhanga o Ngāti Raukawa) me Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri, te rohe o Te Roto-a-Tara, ka tū anō te ope taua a Te Wera rāua ko Te Pareihe ki te pakanga ki a Te Momo. I hoea ō rāua waka i te awa o Tukituki. I whakamatea a Te Momo i waho i tōna pā i Kahotea, ā, ka tōia ngā waka mā te repo tae noa ki te roto. I whakaekea te pā o Te Roto-a-Tara, ka mau herehere ētahi tāngata rangatira pērā i te kaingārahu taitama o Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri, i a Kawepō.

I ngā tau mutunga o te tekau tau atu i 1820, e ngakia ai te mate o Te Momo-ā-Irawaru, ka ārahina e Te Whatanui a Ngāti Raukawa me ōna haumi o Rangitāne, a Ngāti Mutuahi me Ngāti Pakapaka, mā roto i te tāwhārua o Manawatū. Ētahi o te parekura ko Paeroa rāua ko Kūtia, he wāhine ariki rongonui. Ko Te Wera tētahi o ngā kaingārahu i whakakotahi i ōna toa ki te whiu i a rātou i te pakanga o Te Ruru, i Tahoraiti.

Mō ngā tau maha i muri mai i ēnei mahi whakahirahira, i noho tonu a Te Wera ki Te Māhia hei ariki. I te tau 1832 i whakaaro pea ia ki te hono atu ki te kaingārahu o Pēwhairangi, ki a Tītore, i ana whawhai ki Tauranga. I roto anō hoki ia i ētahi atu pakanga, ko tētahi, i te tau 1836, ko te whawhai ki a Te Whānau-a-Apanui me ētahi atu ki te ngaki i te mate o tana irāmutu, o Marino. Nui atu ana tohu me tana mana kaingārahu toa, ko tana whakaaronui, tana aroha me tana ohaoha ki tana iwi taurima o Te Māhia, me te mano tini o te rohe mai i Heretaunga ki Te Wairarapa i rapu punanga i reira. I te tau 1838 i te noho tonu a Te Wera i Te Māhia; ko te hiahia o te iwi o Tokomaru kia anga a Te Wiremu (William Williams), he mihinare nō te Rōpū Hāhi Mihinare (Church Missionary Society) ki te whakakīkī i a Te Wera, arā, he take rangatira te hohou i te rongo i waenga i a rātou. Ko te mutunga tēnei o te noho rīriri mō ngā tau e hia kē nei te roa.

I mate a Te Wera i te tau 1839. E ai ki ētahi kōrero i hoki ia ki Pēwhairangi i tana tau mutunga; ko tā Takaanui Tarakawa i mate koroua ia, ka huihui katoa ngā hapū o Te Tai Rāwhiti ki te tangi ki a ia. He nui tōna īngoa, he whānui tōna mana. Kāhore kau ia i whakapae mahi kino, kāhore hoki ia i waiho noa i te hunga i raro i tōna maru. Ki te haere mai tētahi karere e tono ana kia āwhinatia ia, i āta tirohia e Te Wera te pūtake o te tono, kia kite a Te Wera i te tika o te tono, ka whakaae ia ki te whakahaere pakanga kia oti wawe ai. He mea tāpuke pea ia ki te puke i Te Ahuahu, i Taiāmai, Pēwhairangi.


He whakaaturanga anō

Rārangi pukapuka

    Buchanan, J. D. H. The Maori history & place names of Hawke's Bay. Ed. D. R. Simmons. Wellington, 1973

    Lambert, T. The story of old Wairoa. Dunedin, 1925

    Sissons, J. et al. The puriri trees are laughing. Auckland, 1987

    Takaanui Tarakawa. 'The doings of Te Wera-hauraki and Nga-puhi, on the East Coast, N.Z.'. Trans. S. P. Smith. In Journal of the Polynesian Society 8, No 3 (Sept. 1899)–9, No 2 (June 1900)


Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Angela Ballara. 'Te Wera Hauraki', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1990. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/1t83/te-wera-hauraki (accessed 24 April 2024)