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Maniapoto, Rewi Manga

by Manuka Henare

Biography

I whānau a Manga ki Waikato i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 1800–1899; nō muri nei ka kārangarangatia tōna īngoa ko Rewi Maniapoto. Kei runga i te kōhatu whakamaharatanga mōna, i Kihikihi, e mau ana ngā kōrero i whānau ia i te tau 1807, ahakoa i tana matenga i te tau 1894 kua hipa kē i te 70 tōna pakeke. He uri whakaheke ia nō Maniapoto. Ko tana pāpā ko Te Ngohi, arā ko Kāwhia, nō Ngāti Maniapoto. Me tana whaea me Te Kore, nā Waikato rā i patu i Pāterangi, i Kihikihi. Nō Ngāti Paretekawa tō rātou karangatanga hapū.

I te tau 1831, i uru atu a Te Ngohi ki roto i te ope taua a Pōtatau Te Wherowhero i te horonga o Te Āti Awa i te pā o Pukerangiora i Taranaki. I whai hoki a Rewi i tana pāpā. I puta ai ngā mahi a Rewi i Kihikihi, i Ōtāwhao (Te Awamutu). I whakaakona ia ki te taumata i rite ki tōna tūranga i roto i te iwi, me ngā tikanga a Ngāti Maniapoto. Ahakoa kāore e tino mōhiotia ana te wā o tōna whanaketanga, nō tana pakeketanga ka kitea tōna kaha ki te ārahi i te iwi. I mōhio whānui te Māori me te Pākehā ki a ia, nā tana mārama ki te kauwhau, ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tōrangapū tae atu ki te whakatakoto whakaaro. I kitea anō tōna mātau ki ngā taonga a ngā tūpuna, me tōna toa hoki ki ngā tikanga a Tūmatauenga. Ko tana moko, he moko rangatira.

I āhua riro tonu a Rewi i ngā whakaakoranga a ngā mihingare. Nō te tau 1841, ka tūtaki ia ki a Mōkena (John Morgan), te mihingare a te Rōpū Hāhi Mihingare (Church Missionary Society), kua oti rā i a ia te hanga kāinga i Ōtāwhao. I noho a Rewi hei whakaruruhau mō Mōkena mō ngā tau e 20. I tīmata tōna akoranga i te mīhana Wēteriana i Te Kōpua, i te awa o Waipā. Ka whai ia kia mārama ia ki te tuhituhi, kia mōhio ia ki te Paipera; nāwai, ā, kua pārekareka rawa atu ia ki ngā mahi ahu whenua hou. Nō te tau 1844, ka tūpono a Rewi ki ngā mihingare Katorika. Ākuanei pea, he īngoa iriiri kē a Rewi (Levi), ēngari kāore pea ia i iriiria hei Katorika.

Tae rawa ki te tekau tau mai i 1850, kua ū rawa te manaaki a Rewi i te Kīngitanga. Nāna tonu te haki a te Kīngi i whakatare i Ngāruawāhia i te whakawahinga i a Te Wherowhero hei Kīngi i te tau 1858. Nō te marama o Noema 1859, ko ia tonu tētehi o te tokorima i tautoko i te whakahau i whakaaetia rā e te rūnanga a te Kīngi, kia katia atu ngā kaiwhakawā Pākehā; kia whakatapua te huarahi ki roto o Waikato; me te whakatakoto tikanga anō hoki kia kaua tētehi Māori kotahi e mau ki te whare herehere a te kāwana.

Kātahi ka haere ngā karere a Ngāti Maniapoto ki Taranaki i te tau 1860. Nō te hokinga mai, ka whakaae a Rewi ki tā rātou mō te tika o te whawhai a Wiremu Kīngi Te Rangitāke i te hunga e hoko whenua ana i Waitara. Kātahi ka tono a Rewi ki a Te Wherowhero, me te whakaae hoki a tērā, kia tukuna a Ngāti Maniapoto ki te tautoko i a Te Rangitāke. Ka whawhai a Ngāti Maniapoto i te taha o Taranaki ki ngā hōia a te Karauna i Puketākauere, i Waitara, i te 27 o Hune 1860; nō Hānuere 1861, ka huakina e Rewi te pā o te Pākehā i Huirangi, ēngari kāore i hinga.

Hoki rawa mai a Rewi i Taranaki, kua ū kē ōna whakaaro, kei te takahi te kāwanatanga i te tino rangatiratanga o te iwi Māori, tae atu hoki ki tōna mana ki ōna whenua. Kua pōhēhē kē ētehi o ngā rangatira he whakatūturu tā te Tiriti o Waitangi i te tikanga e ōrite ai te tangata, ahakoa ko wai, kia tū ai te Māori hei rangatira mōna anō. He nui ngā mea o roto o Ngāti Maniapoto rāua ko Waikato i whakahinga atu ki a ia.

Nō Maehe o 1863, nā runga i ngā mahi werowero a te kāwanatanga, ka whakahaungia e Rewi he rōpū hei whakatahi i te tari a John Gorst i Ōtāwhao, ka tūrerengia hoki te kaiwhakawā a te kāwanatanga i Waikato. Kua kite te iwi e takahi ana a Gorst i te mana o te Kīngi. Nō te tūreretanga, ka riro nā Rewi ngā mahi a te Kīngi i whakatutuki. He wā tēnei kua ū kē ōna whakaaro, kei te whakaroaroa tonu ētehi.

Kua mōhio kē a Rewi ki te kore e ūkuia atu te Kīngitanga, ka tahuri te kāwanatanga ki te whakaeke i a Waikato. Nō te 8 o Hūrae 1863, ka whakahaungia e Kāwana Hōri Kerei (George Grey) a Rūtene Tianara Duncan Cameron kia huakina a Waikato. Whakatika tonu atu a Rewi, ka ārahina e ia a Ngāti Maniapoto ki te pakanga i Waikato. Ka kitea tōna kaha i taua riri. Ahakoa kāore ia i pai kia tautohetia te riri ki Ōrākau, i Kihikihi, i a Āperira 1864, ka ngana tonu ia ahakoa ngā mano o te hoariri.

Kātahi ka tono a Cameron ki ngā kaiwawao o Ōrākau kia unu rātou. Ko te whakahoki tēnei a Rewi, 'Ka whawhai tonu mātou, Ake! Ake! Ake!' Ahakoa ehara kau i a ia tēnei kōrero i Ōrākau, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ōna whakaaro e te Pākehā. I mua atu i puta i a ia te kōrero nei i tētehi hui i Ngāruawāhia: 'Kāore ahau e whakaae kia mutu te whawhai, ko taku tohe anō tēnei ake! Ake! Ake tonu atu!'

I roto i ngā whawhai o Waikato, he whakamīharo tonu te iwi Māori ki te matatau o Rewi ki te kawe riri. Kei tāna, kia tika te hanga o ngā maioro. He mārama kē atu ia i ētehi atu kaihautū ki ngā ture a te Pākehā mō te kawe pakanga. Kia tutū te puehu, kua waihotia te kōrero ki a Rewi. I taea e ia te whakakotahi i ngā kaiwawao o Ōrākau hei ope taua, i kore ai te Pākehā e toa.

I muri mai o te pakanga nei, kāore a Rewi i whakahē i ngā whakamanamana a Te Kooti i Waikato. Ka whakamauru atu a Te Kooti ki a Tāwhiao Te Wherowhero, te Kīngi tuarua, ka manaakihia e Rewi. Ka tukuna ia ki Taupō ki te taha o Te Kooti, me kore e aroha mai a Horonuku Te Heuheu Tūkino IV. Ka noho ia i te taha o Te Kooti, ā, hinga noa i Te Pōrere i a Oketopa 1869. Ko te tau tēnei i hoki ai ia ki te Rohe Pōtae ki te kī atu ki a Tāwhiao kia kaua e arongia atu. Nō konei ka mōhio a Rewi, kāore te mana Māori e ahu mai i te toa mau rākau anake. He mārama nōna ki ngā hīkoi a te kāwanatanga, ka kimi huarahi anō ia. Ka whakaaro ia kia houhia te rongo, kia noho tonu ngā whenua mā te Māori anō hei whakahaere. Nō te marama o Noema 1869, ka hui ia ki a Te Mākarini (Donald McLean), te minita mō ngā take Māori, i Pahiko, i Te Kūiti, ki te kōrero i ngā take nei. Nō taua hui nei ka kī atu a Rewi kua mutu tana whawhai. Ko te mutunga iho, ka mau te rongo i Waitara i te 29 o Hune 1878, ka whakaae a Rewi ki ngā tikanga hou.

Heoi, nō te tau 1882, ka tautohe a Rewi ki a Tāwhiao, ā, ki te kaupapa hoki a te Kīngitanga kia kaua te whenua e hokona. He mataku nōna kei nōhia e Ngāti Hauā ngā whenua nōna kē, kātahi ka tukuna he tono ki te Kōti Whenua Māori kia āraingia atu rātou. Nō muri nei ka whakaaetia e Rewi rāua ko Te Wahanui kia hangaia te rerewē matua ki roto o te Rohe Pōtae; kātahi ka whakahaerengia ō rātou whenua i te aroaro o te Kōti kia āta whakamāramatia ngā rohe. Tūturu, ko te tīmatanga tonu tēnei o te hoko a te kāwanatanga i ngā whenua o te Rohe Pōtae.

Mai i ngā tau whakamutunga o te 1870, ka tīmata te heke o te mana o Rewi; ka piki haere ko te mana o Te Wahanui me te tirohia atu ōna hei reo kōrero mō Ngāti Maniapoto. Kāore i whakaaengia e te iwi te whakaaro o Rewi kia hangaia tētehi takiwā Māori, ahakoa i āhua eke anō ki ngā rohe o te Rohe Pōtae, ko ngā whenua, me te rerewē me ōna taonga katoa me huri hei painga mō Waikato rāua ko Ngāti Maniapoto. Ka hangaia e te kāwanatanga he whare nui tonu mōna i Kihikihi i te tau 1880, mō tana unuhanga i tana penihana, me tana kerēme ki tētehi whenua Karauna. Hāereere tonu ai ia ki ngā hui a te Kōti Whenua Māori, ki te whakataki hoki i a Tāwhiao, i a Manuhiri (Tāmati Ngāpora) me ōna hoa o te Kīngitanga. Nō te tau 1890, ka haere ia ki Ākarana (Auckland), i tūtaki ai ia ki te kāwana, ki a Lord Onslow.

E kīia ana kotahi anake te wahine a Rewi, ko Te Rohu. Kotahi tonu tō rāua uri, he wahine, i whānau i te tīmatanga o te tekau tau mai i 1870, ka mate i 1890, i 1891 rānei. I te tau 1894, ka whakaarahia e ngā Pākehā he kōhatu whakanui i a Rewi me ana mahi mā te iwi. E rua marama i muri mai, i te 21 o Hune, ka mate ia. He maha ngā tāngata i tae ki tana tangihanga. Nō te 29 o Hune ka nehua. E takoto mai rā i te take o tana kōhatu i Kihikihi.


He whakaaturanga anō

Rārangi pukapuka

    Belich, J. The New Zealand wars. Auckland, 1986

    Cowan, J. The New Zealand wars. 2 vols. Wellington, 1922--23

    McDonald, B. M. 'Rewi Manga Maniapoto: a study in the changing strategies of nineteenth century Maori political leadership'. MA research essay, Auckland, 1977

    Obit. New Zealand Herald. 23 June 1894

    Simmons, E. R. In cruce salus. Auckland, 1982


Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Manuka Henare. 'Maniapoto, Rewi Manga', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1990. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/1m8/maniapoto-rewi-manga (accessed 7 May 2024)