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Hiroki, Wiremu

by Angela Ballara

Biography

Ko te whakaaro i whānau a Wiremu Hīroki i ngā tau pokapū o 1850, i Waitōtara ki te tonga o te rohe o Taranaki. I tana taiohinga ka noho a ia ki a Ngāti Pourua, tētahi tonu o ngā hapū nui o Ngā Rauru whānui, arā, i Papatupu kāinga, e pātata atu rā ki Waitōtara. Nā te rangirua pea o ngā whakaaro o te hunga e mōhio ana ki a ia, i whakawareware ai rātou i ōna kāwai. He whakamā kē rānei nō rātou i hua ai te hiahia ki te whakaparahako i a ia. Ko te kī a ētahi Māori nō roto mai ia i Waikato. Hei tā Hīroki ki tētahi kaituhi o te nūpepa Taranaki Herald i te tau 1878, nō Ngāti Maniapoto me Ngāti Ruanui ōna mātua. Tērā pea he hononga anō ōna ki a Ngā Rauru.

Nā te mea he taiohi, he ware, i noho ai ia hei apataki, ā, kore rawa hei ngārahu. I rewa tana patu ki ngā hoariri o ōna ariki. I mau rākau a ia mā Tītokowaru i te haumitanga o Ngā Rauru me tērā ki te kāwanatanga. Ko te amokapua o Ngā Rauru ko Kereopa pea tōna kaingārahu i taua riri. Heoti, i te tīmatanga o 1870, i roto ia i te taua nā Tōpia Tūroa rāua ko Te Keepa Te Rangihiwinui (Meiha Kemp) i ārahi hei whaitaua mō ngā Pirihimana Mau Pū o Tokaanu, e whai ana i a Te Kooti i raro i a Kānara Meketānara (Thomas McDonnell). I te ata o te 25 o Hānuere 1870, i a rātou e noho hopuni ana i te mātotorutanga o te kohu, i muri i te pāhorotanga o Tāpapa pā i a rātou, ka tonoa tokotoru o Ngā Rauru, ki te tiki wahie. Ko Hīroki tētahi. Tūpono atu te tokotoru nei ki te ope a Te Kooti. Ka patua tētahi o ngā takahoa o Hīroki, ēngari, nāna te tuarua o ōna hoa i tiaki, ā, hinga ana te tokorua o te hoariri i tana pū.

I muri mai i ngā riri ko Papatupu te kāinga noho o Hīroki, ā, i ētahi wā mahi ai ia mā Francis Williamson, he tangata whai nō Waitōtara. E kī pēnei ana te whakaaturanga mō Hīroki, arā, he tangata tū poto, he porotaka te māhunga, he mangu ngā kanohi, he māngai nui e hō ana i ngā pī. He mea ngaro ngā kōrero e pā ana ki a ia me te āhua o tana noho i tōna kāinga. E moe tonu ana a Hīroki i tētahi wahine, hei tamāhine ki a Rangirahi o Ōkaiawa, i te wā e noho apataki ana a ia mā Tītokowaru. Nō muri ka riro ia i tētahi atu. Tau rawa ki te tau 1878, e ai ki ngā kōrero, kua moe kē ia i a Hererā. Ko Kātene o Pipiriki te matua o tēnei. I tētahi reta a Hīroki o te tau 1882 ki tana wahine, i tuhia e ia te īngoa o tērā ko Whaka Pāhui. He tama, he tamāhine i puta ki a rāua.

I te tōmuatanga o te tau 1878, ka tīmata ngā kairūri a te kāwanatanga ki te rūri i te poraka o Moumāhaki. Ko te kerēme a Hīroki e whai pānga ana ia ki taua whenua, ā, ko āna poaka kua oti te parani kei reira e taka ana. Pupū ake ana te raruraru i te mahi a ngā kairūri ki te patu poaka. Ahakoa ngā tohutohu a tōna ngare kia whakarērea te whenua ki te kāwanatanga, ā, me haere kē ia ki Parihaka (te kāinga o ngā tāngata rongomau rā, o Tohu me Te Whiti‑o-Rongomai), ka noho pūkeke tonu a Hīroki kia mau i a ia tōna whenua. E ai ki tana kerēme i muri mai, i tūtaki rāua ko Hōne Hīhana (John Sheehan), te minita mō ngā take Māori, i Māhaki i te marama o Hānuere (kore rawa a Hīhana i whakaae kia whai wāhi ia ki taua raruraru), ā, nāna te kī ki a Murdoch McLean, he kaimahi nā ngā kairūri, kia kaua rawa tētahi Pākehā kotahi e haere noa i tana whenua. Nāna anō te whakatūpato ki a Hāre Parāone (Charles Brown), te kōmihana ā-iwi, ā, ki a McLean i muri mai, ka patua e ia kia mate ngā kairūri ka tohe tonu ki te haere noa. Ahakoa ēnei kokoraho, ko te whakapono o te nuinga o ngā Pākehā, nā tētahi take e mōhiotia ana ki a Hīroki me te whānau o McLean anake, i pupū ake ai te raruraru nei i waenga i a rātou.

Ko te tīmatanga pea o Hepetema o 1878 te wā i amuamu ai a Hīroki ki a Francis Williamson mō te patupatunga a ngā kairūri i āna poaka. Taihoa ake ka whakaaturia e Williamson he teka te tohe a McLean ehara nāna ngā poaka a Hīroki i patu. Ko te tohutohu a Williamson ki a Hīroki me hāmene ia i ngā kairūri, heoti, i whakautu pēneitia e Hīroki, arā, e kore e taea e tōna kotahi te whakatūturu āna whakapae; e kore e ngata tana hiahia utu, ā, ka mahia e ia he kino ki a rātou. Nā Williamson i whakamōhio atu ngā kupu whakatuma a Hīroki ki te ope kairūri.

He maha ngā whakaputanga kōrero a Hīroki e pā ana ki ngā mahi o te 19 o Hepetema 1878 taihoa ake nei a ia ka whakawātia, arā, i te patunga kia mate o tētahi o te ope kairūri. Hei tāna, i tana whakapuakina tuatahitanga o Noema, nō tōna matua te whenua e rūritia ana, ā, kāore a ia i pai kia hokona. I whakaaro a ia, i taua rā anō, ki te pupuhi i ētahi Māori tokorua, i te mea, hei tāna, nā rāua i tuku taua whenua ki te Pākehā. Ka tīkina atu e ia tana pū, ēngari e whakakeko mai ana te pū a tētahi Pākehā ki a ia, kua rite ngā hama. Ko tana hurihanga atu tēnā ka pūhia. Hei tāna, i tētahi whakapuakitanga anō āna o te marama o Mei 1882 ki a te Ātirīkona, ki a Henry Govett, ā, e tautokona ana e te whakapuakitanga mātāmuritanga o te 6 o Hune, ko te rangatira o Ngāti Pourua ko Tamanui kē te hunga hara tūturu. Nōna te whakaaro kia patua ngā kairūri, ēngari, e tiakina ana a ia i te mea he rangatira rā hoki. I haere tahi atu a Tamanui rāua ko Hīroki ki te hopuni o ngā kairūri. I pakū atu te pū a te ringa wera o te hopuni a John McLean ki a Hīroki, hei teina, tuakana rānei ki a Murdoch. Nā Hīroki i tango te pū a John McLean, ā, i tērā e rere ana ka pūhia ngātahitia atu e rāua ko Tamanui. Kātahi ka pāhuatia e Tamanui tētahi o ngā tēneti, ā, i wehewehea e ia ngā paraikete i waenga i a rāua ko Hīroki, me te kī anō kia pūhia ngā hōiho. I pēnei te whakahoki a Hīroki, 'ehara i ngā hōiho i te rūri i ōku whenua.'

Ko te hokinga tēnā o Hīroki ki te whakamōhio atu i tōna iwi i Papatupu ki ngā mea kua pā. Ka whakatika atu ia mā raro ki Parihaka hei punanga mōna, 100 māero te matara ki te pā whakarua. I te marama o muri mai, e rērere haere noa ana te tini rongo kōrero. Ka wehi te tangata whai. Hei tā rātou, he tohu te kōhurutanga o John McLean nō te aranga mai o te Māori whānui ki te whakatutū puehu mō ngā mahi rūri i te mānia o Waimate. Taka tonu atu te toera ki runga ki a Hīroki. E whia kē nei ngā kitenga i a ia i rangona, ā, i hau te rongo kōrero e ahu pērā ana a ia mā te pito whakaroto o te awa o Whanganui ki te Rohe Pōtae, ki Taupō kē rānei. I whakarōpūpūtia ngātahitia te Māori me te Pākehā i raro i te ture hei rapu i a ia; ko Tamanui tonu tētahi. Ka rērere nā te waea i waenga i te kāwanatanga me ngā rangatira 'kaiwhana' i te ture o ngā tau o mua atu. Kāore i ārikarika te tuku oranga ngākau a tētahi ki tētahi. He mataku nō te hunga rangatira me ngā whanaunga o Hīroki kei pā tonu mai te raruraru ā muri ake nei, ka whakakāhoretia a ia e rātou, kātahi ka kōrerotia ngā kōrero kino katoa mōna.

Nō te 6 o Oketopa ka kitea a ia i Kaūpokonui, ka pūhia atu, ka taotū. Kua mōhio tūturutia i nāianei ko tana hiahia kia tae a ia ki Parihaka hei punanga mōna. Nā te kaiwhakamāori, nā William Williams rāua ko Āperahama Tamaiparea, he rangatira nō Ngā Rauru, i ārahi tētahi o ngā whakarōpūpūtanga ā-ture ki Parihaka. I wāhia e rātou i te wā e tū ana te hui panuku ā-marama i reira. Ka tono rātou kia tukua mai a Hīroki ki a rātou, kātahi ka tīmata ki te rangahau haere i ngā whare. Ka whakahaua i taua wā tonu kia whakamutua tā rātou mahi, ā, ka meinga kia haere. Nā Tītokowaru i whakamārama atu ki te minita mō ngā take Māori, kāore ērā i tono kia tukua rātou kia rapu haere noa. Kāore anō hoki rātou i ū ki ngā tikanga mō te whakaeke atu ki runga i Parihaka.

Mehemea i pōkaikaha ngā whakaaro ki te mea he take tōrangapū te kōhurutanga i a John McLean, kore rawa i whakaarotia pērātia te mahi a Te Whiti ki te whakamarumaru i a Hīroki i Parihaka. Rite tonu te tohutohu a te kaiwhakamāori a Tāmihana (R. S. Thompson) i te kāwanatanga kia meatia a Hīroki hei take matua mā rātou. Hei tāna, kāore e kore, kāore a Te Whiti e whakaae ki te tuku i a Hīroki, ā, koirā te wā e kāwhakina ai e rātou a Hīroki; ko te wā anō hoki tēnei hei tūkino i a Te Whiti kia kore rawa ai e taea e ia te whakaara ake te take raupatu ā muri ake nei. Tau rawa ki Pēpuere o 1880 e ihupuku tonu ana te minita mō ngā take Māori, a Te Paraihe (John Bryce), ki te whai i ngā tohutohu a Tāmihana. He mataku kē nōna i ngā āhuatanga tōrangapū ka puta ina ia ki te hinga.

He rangirua nei te āhua o te noho a Hīroki i Parihaka. I te Āperira o 1879 i kī atu a Te Whiti ki a Hāre Parāone, e kore rawa ia e hamumu menā i patua a Hīroki kia mate i a ia e ahu whaka-te-raki ana. Ko te noho a Hīroki i Parihaka he pērā anō i tērā o mai anō – arā, he ware, he kaiāwhina ki te tao kai. I tohe ngā kōmihana o Te Tai Hauāuru, a Te Pōkiha (William Fox) rāua ko Francis Dillon Bell i te tau 1880, ehara te whakamarumarutanga a Te Whiti i a Hīroki i te take hei whakakāhore i te whakahokinga atu o te poraka o Parihaka. Heoti, ka waiho e Te Paraihe te punanga o Hīroki e Te Whiti hei whakatika i tana pupuri whakawā kore i ngā kaiparau a Te Whiti. Ko Hīroki anō te take i makere mai ai a Te Paraihe i tōna tūranga i te tau 1881, ā, nā te kore tautoko mai anō hoki a te kāwanatanga i tana kaupapa kaitaua Māori.

Hāunga ake, i whakahokia anō a Te Paraihe hei minita mō ngā take Māori, ā, nō te 5 o Noema 1881, ka ārahina atu e ia he ope hōia, neke atu i te 1,500 tāngata te rahi, ki Parihaka. Ka tae, ka tomokia. I te karangatanga atu i tōna īngoa ka whetoko whakamua mai a Hīroki, ka whakamaua ngā mekameka kātahi ka rangatūtia atu e tana maru ki Pungarehu. He wāhi motuhake tōna i a ia e mau herehere ana, ā, he kaha kē atu te mahi tūkino i a ia tēnā i a Te Whiti rāua ko Tohu, he herehere tōrangapū kē rā hoki ērā. Nō te 12 o Noema ka nekehia a Te Whiti rātou ko Tohu, ko Hīroki mā ki te whare herehere o Nū Pāremata (New Plymouth). Nō te 3 o Mei 1882 ka tīmata te mahi ki te whakawā i a Hīroki. Ko tētahi o te hunga i whakaatu ko Tamanui. He mau tangetange te whakataunga a te kōti ki runga i a Hīroki, kātahi ka whakahaua kia patua mate rawa. I āhua tutū te āheihei i muri i te whakawātanga i a ia nā runga i tana kokoraho he hoa kaipatu a Tamanui nōna. He poto noa iho e āta tirohia ana taua whakapae ka whakakāhoretia e ngā āpiha whakahaere. Nō te hāora o te 8 i te ata o te 8 o Hune 1882, ka tāronatia a Wiremu Hīroki.


He whakaaturanga anō

Rārangi pukapuka

    Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives (New Zealand). 1878, G--11

    'Hiroki at Parihaka'. Taranaki Herald. 7 Nov. 1878

    N.Z. Justice Department. Correspondence. J 1/1882/1183. NA

    Riseborough, H. Days of darkness. Wellington, 1989

    Scott, D. Ask that mountain. Auckland, 1975


Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Angela Ballara. 'Hiroki, Wiremu', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1993. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/2h38/hiroki-wiremu (accessed 20 April 2024)