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Perohuka, Te Waaka

by Steven Oliver

Biography

He tohunga whakairo a Te Waaka Perohuka nō Rongowhakaata o te rohe o Tūranga (Gisborne). Ko te āhua nei i whānau a ia i ngā tau whakamutunga o te rau tau 1700–1799 nō te mea ko ia tētahi o ngā ihorei rongonui o taua rohe i te taenga tuatahi atu o ngā Pākehā ki Te Tai Rāwhiti. Ko te whare o Perohuka ko Hāmokorau, he whare rūnanga, i te pā o Ōrakaiapu. I tau atu ki reira te mihinare rā a Te Wiremu (William Williams), rāua ko tōna hoa wahine ko Jane, arā, ka whakawāteatia a Hāmokorau hei whare karakia mō Te Wiremu, hei kura hoki. Ko Jane te kaiako. I te tau 1849 ka tautohe a Perohuka rāua ko Te Wiremu mō te āhua o ngā whakairo mō tō rātau whare karakia hou; mutu tonu atu te mahi rā, ka whakarērea. Ko ngā īngoa kārangaranga mō Perohuka ko Te Waaka, ko Walker rānei, arā, e tohu ana he mea iriiri ia.

Ko te waka rongonui i tāraia e Perohuka mā ko Te Toki-a-Tāpiri, arā, kei te whare pupuri taonga o Tāmaki-makau-rau (Auckland Institute and Museum) i nāianei. Ko tēnei waka nā Ngāti Matawhāiti o Ngāti Kahungunu i tārai. E waru tekau mā rima putu te roa, ko te paepae e ono putu. Nā Te Waaka Tarakau o Ngāti Matawhāiti i hoatu te waka rā ki a Perohuka, ko ia nei tētahi o ngā tohunga whakairo. Tokowhitu ngā tohunga nā rātau nei i tārai, i whakairo te waka rā. Ko Perohuka, ko Tīmoti Rangitoto-hihira, ko Wiremu Te Kikiwi, ko Pātoromiu Pakapaka, ko Natanahira, ko Toumata, ko Mahumahu.

I te tau 1843, ka toko ake te whakaaro i a Paratene Tūrangi kua kapatau tētahi tangata o Reporua ki te mākutu i tētahi o ōna whanaunga. Nāna te heke waka taua ngawhi i hautū. E toru ō rātau waka taua, ko Te Toki-a-Tāpiri tētahi. Ko Perohuka rāua ko Raharuhi Rukupō ngā rangatira o runga. Ko ētahi atu o ngā waka ko Te Ahi-ā-Tūpari, ko Te Rangituawaru te rangatira o runga, ko Te Aomate te waka tuatoru, ko Paratene rāua ko Hōri Karaka ngā rangatira o runga. Ka tae te taua rā ki Pūrehua, ka tūtaki atu ki tētahi kaikauhau ko Eruera Pākura, nāna ka kore te whawhai. Ka titohia e Paratene he waiata, ka hākari te iwi, ā, hoki atu ana ki te kāinga. Nō muri iho ka tukuna e Perohuka te waka rā, a Te Toki-a-Tāpiri, ki a Ngā Puhi, ki a Tāmati Wāka Nene rāua ko Patuone. Ko te taonga whakahoki mai a ērā, he hōiho tāriana, ko Taika (Tiger) te īngoa. I tukuna e Perohuka ki a Tarakau, te tangata tūturu nōna nei Te Toki-a-Tāpiri.

I te marama o Pēpuere o te tau 1851 ka tūtaki a Perohuka ki a Te Mākarini (Donald McLean), ka kōrero rāua mō ngā kaupapa a te kāwanatanga e pā ana ki ngā mahi hokohoko whenua. Ka whakatūpato atu a Perohuka i a Te Mākarini, ahakoa e whakaae ana ētahi Māori ki te hoko i ō rātau whenua, ko ētahi kīhai e hiahia ana ki te hoko. Ka kī atu hoki a Perohuka, ko ia tonu tētahi i hoko i tētahi pānga whenua ki te Pākehā ahakoa kīhai kē ētahi o te hunga o taua whenua i mātau ki tāna mahi. Ko te utu mō taua whenua he hō, he kōhua me ētahi anga pāua, arā, koia nei tāna īngoa mō ngā moni a te Pākehā.

Nō muri iho i te tau 1851, ka pōraruraru te noho a ngā iwi o Tūranga, ngā Māori me ngā Pākehā. He maha ngā mahi whānako, arā, he maha ngā kāinga Pākehā e murua ana ngā taonga katoa. I whakamātau hoki ngā Māori kia piki ake te utu mō te wai me te kai e hokona ana ki ngā kaipuke o ngā Pākehā e tau atu ana ki Tūranga. I whakamātau anō rātau me utu rawa aua kaipuke ki te kuhu atu ki te awa o Tūranga. Ko Perohuka tētahi o ngā kaiwhakarite i ēnei āhuatanga tae atu hoki ki a Paiāio, ki a Ruatapu, ki a Piri Turuka me Manutai. E kīia ana nā Raharuhi Rukupō i kōrero ki a Te Mākarini ko te hiahia o Perohuka he pana atu, he aukati atu i ngā Pākehā katoa i tōna rohe. Ko te kōrero he nui āna pū me ngā kariri, ā, e tino kaikā ana ia ki te pakanga ki ngā Pākehā. Nā Rukupō i whakarata ka tau te rangimārie i waenganui i aua iwi mō taua wā.

E whakaarotia ana i mate a Perohuka i mua anō i ngā pakanga o ngā tekau tau mai i 1860. E mau ana hoki tōna īngoa i tētahi petihana i tukuna ki te kāwanatanga i te tau 1868. Heoi anō ngā kōrero i kitea mōna. Kīhai i mōhiotia nōnahea a Perohuka i mate ai.


He whakaaturanga anō

Rārangi pukapuka

    Lambert, T. The story of old Wairoa. Dunedin, 1925

    Mackay, J. A. Historic Poverty Bay and the East Coast. Gisborne, 1949

    Williams, W. The Turanga journals, 1840-1850. Ed. F. Porter. Wellington, 1974


Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Steven Oliver. 'Perohuka, Te Waaka', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1990. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/1p13/perohuka-te-waaka (accessed 26 April 2024)