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Murupaenga

by Angela Ballara

Biography

He taniwha, he kaingārahu taua a Murupaenga nō Ngāti Rongo hapū o Ngāti Whātua i ōna rā. Ko ōna mātua ko Ahiwera rāua ko Tūaea. Ko tētahi kōrero nō te tau 1770 pea ia i whānau ai. I a ia e tai ana, i te takiwā ki Makarau ki te taha rāwhiti o Kaipara tōna kāinga. Nō ngā whawhai a Ngāpuhi ki a Te Roroa i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 1800–1899 ka rangona tōna toa. Ko Te Roroa he iwi nō Kaihū, i te ara atu i Te Hokianga ki Kaipara. Hei tūranga whānau tonu ki a Ngāpuhi me Ngāti Whātua ngātahi.

He kiri waitutu tērā tangata a Murupaenga, he tangata tūkaha te tipu, atamai te āhua. I a ia te rākau mō te whaikōrero. Ka whai te tangata i a ia ahakoa pēhea – mā tāna whaikōrero e kukume. Tētahi kōrero mōna, nā Tāoho: 'Murupaenga! Hei kōrero tū, e, hei whakaaro i te riri'.

Nō te tau 1806 pea nei, ka whakarewaina te taua toto o ētahi o ngā pahī o Ngāti Whātua i raro i a Murupaenga hei ngaki i ngā mate o Te Roroa. Ka hoe atu i te awa o Wairoa ki Kaihū. Ka takahi atu i te whenua ki Matarāua, i te awa o Punakitere, he peka nō Te Hokianga, ka huakina te riri ki a Ngāpuhi. I muri mai ka huri ki te tuawhenua o Pēwhairangi (Bay of Islands), ki te whenua tupu o Ngāti Tautahi me Ngāi Tāwake, ki Taiāmai. Ka tukia ngā iwi o Pōkaia.

He tau i muri mai, ka whakatakotoria e Pōkaia he tikanga e tino mate ai a Te Roroa me Ngāti Whātua. Ka pā te rongo ki a Murupaenga, ka tū mai tōna hokowhitu tino rahi tonu, hei āwhina i a Te Roroa. Ko Tāoho me tana iwi o Te Roroa kua taui atu i Kaihū ki te pā i Tokatoka i te awa o Te Wairoa. Ko āna tūtei i ngā pari o Maunganui hei whakapoa mai i te ahi hei tohu kua takatū a Ngāpuhi. Ka whakatakoto ngohi a Murupaenga ki Moremonui, he awaawa mamaru ana te harakeke. I te putanga atu o Ngāpuhi, ka kōkiritia mai e te hokowhitu a Murupaenga. Nā ngā pū a ētahi o Ngāpuhi i whai huanga ai rātou i te tīmatanga. Heoi, ka kite atu a Murupaenga he roa e whakakīa ana ngā pū. Kātahi ka whakahaua āna toa kia tākotokoto ka whakatika ana a Ngāpuhi ki te pupuhi mai; ēngari kia whakakī i ngā pū, ka kōkiri ai. Papahoro ana a Ngāpuhi! Ka parekuratia a Pōkaia, me ngā tēina e rua o Hongi Hika, me ētahi atu o ngā rangatira rongonui. Ko te ope a Whiwhia, tuakana o Tītore, i tāorotia. Ko Hongi Hika mā i rere, ka huna. I ora ai. Ko Te Kai-a-te-karoro te īngoa o tērā parekura nui whakaharahara, i waiho ai ētahi hei kai mā te karoro. Murupaenga pai! Tangata weriweri! Whakamataku! E rua tekau ngā tau e kōkiri ana a Ngāpuhi, ki te rapu utu! Kāore i eke.

Mai i te tau 1810 ki te tau 1819, me kī e toru ngā haerenga o Murupaenga i ngā taua ki Taranaki. Ko te haerenga tuatahi, i haere i runga i te rangimārie heimanuhiri mā ōna whanaunga i te pā o Manukōrihi i Waitara. He haringa ngākau ki a Murupaenga te ātaahua, te mōmona o te whenua. Me te papai, te ngāwari hoki o ngā kaitaka. Kā titongia tana waiata whakahira i a Taranaki. Nō te tau 1818 pea nei te haerenga tuarua. Nā runga i te karanga a Te Pūoho-o-te-rangi o Ngāti Tama ki a Murupaenga, ki a Tūwhare mā kia āwhinatia rātou ki te muru i te pā i Tātaraimaka i te takutai i Ngāmotu. Nā ngā haumi o Te Āti Awa i tohutohu ko ēhea te hunga o Taranaki, ka puhipuhia e Ngāpuhi. Ka taka ki ngā tau 1819 ki 1820, ka riro anō a Murupaenga rātou ko Tūwhare, ko Patuone, ko Nene me Te Rauparaha mā i te waitaua nui ki Te Tai Hauāuru ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Wellington Harbour); kātahi ka huri mā Te Wairarapa muru haere ai, me te hopu herehere hoki.

Nō Mei o 1820, ka whakariterite te rangatira o Pēwhairangi rā a Tāreha ki te tuki i ngā iwi i te takiwā o te awa o Te Wairoa. He ngaki i ngā mate o Moremonui te kaupapa. He waimarie kē te hokinga atu o Murupaenga i te pokapū o taua tau anō ki te ātete i a ia. Ko Hune pea te marama i rewa ai ngā patu, ēngari, kāhore tētahi i momoho.

I te marama o Ākuhata o taua tau ka puta tāna manuhiri, ko Te Mātenga (Samuel Marsden). I taua wā, e kakari tonu ana a Ngāpuhi ki te hunga o Kaipara. Nā ngā rongo mai i ngā rangatira o Pēwhairangi ka tuku a Te Mātenga i ana mihi ki a Murupaenga. Ka whakarangatiratia e te whānau a Murupaenga, e tana wahine matua, e Tangirere, me ā rāua tamariki, me tana tama pakeke, me Kahu rāua ko tāna wahine. E mau kahu tōpuni ana tana wahine matua a Tangirere, ā, e tiatia ana ngā mātenga o ana tini tamariki ki te kura. Hākari rawa, ka hāpainga mai he ō mō tōna haere ki Te Hokianga. Ka whakaputaina e Murupaenga ōna whakaaro mō te noho mai o te Pākehā ki Kaipara. Ka kī māna e tiaki ngā kaipuke e uru mai ana i te wahapū. Ka ngaro atu a Te Mātenga, ka whakatika a Murupaenga ki te whai haere, ki te patu i te hunga muru i tōna whenua.

Ahakoa ngā kōrero o te ngaki mate, i runga anō o ngā tikanga tuku iho, ngāwari noa te haere a Murupaenga ki Pēwhairangi i ngā wā o te noho noa iho. I te torotoronga i tōna whanaunga i a Pōmare I i te tau 1823, ka rokohanga atu a Ngāpuhi e whakarite ana i te haere ki Mokoia i Rotorua. Kāhore e mōhiotia ana mehemea i whai atu a Murupaenga.

Nō te Pēpuere o 1825 rā anō, kātahi ka whakatika te hunga o Pēwhairangi ki te whakaea i ōna mate i Moremonui. I a Te Whareumu o Kororāreka (Russell) te kawau mārō. Ka whai atu te 300 i raro i a Hongi Hika me tana tama me Hāre Hongi, me Rewa, me ētahi atu. I mawehe atu i te 25 o Pēpuere 1825, ka noho ki Taiharuru i raro atu o Whāngārei. Kotahi marama nei pea e hī ika ana, e whakatikatika ana i ō rātou waka. Ka rongo ngā wehenga o Ngāti Whātua, ka taki huihui ki te hikuwai o te awa o Kaiwaka i runga ake o Whāngārei. E, ka puta anō te tohungatanga o Murupaenga. Ko tāna me whakamoke a Ngāpuhi mā tētahi wāhanga o tana taua 1,000 tāngata te rahi, i te ūranga mai ki Mangawhai. Ka mea ngā rangatira kore rawa a Hongi Hika e taea te kauaeroa.

I roto atu o Mangawhai, i te pūruatanga o ngā awa oKaiwaka me Waimako, e toru ngā rangi ka tū atu tū mai ngā autaia nei i Te Ika-ā-ranganui. Ko te whakamātau kia hohoua te rongo, kīhai i momoho. Ka puta ngā pū aMurupaenga, ka taotū a Wharepoaka rangatira o Rangihoua, ka mutu mō tērā rangi. I te pō ka tahutahuna ngā waka o Hongi Hika mā, e 50, kia kōwhaowhao. Ka tahuri a Hongi mā ki te whakatikatika i ō rātou waka. Nō te rangi tuawhā, ka whakatata mai a Ngāti Whātua ka tū te riri. Tata tonu ka riro i a Murupaenga te parekura. Kātahi ka whakatika mai ko Hongi mā ka huakina a Ngāti Whātua, ka piri, ka riri. He whawhai tino kino rawa atu te kaha. E hia hāora kē e āki atu ana e āki mai ana, ā, he maha te parekura o ia taua tauwhāinga. He haupārua. Ēngari, i te mutunga i tino raru rawa atu a Ngāti Whātua. Ka taki rere, ka whakarērea ā rātou pū mā ngā toa a Hongi Hika.

Puta atu ana a Murupaenga, me te poroporoaki haere ki ōna mate. Ka rere ki ōna mōrehu i te koi o Mahurangi. I te tau 1826, i te ngaro kē atu te nuinga o rātou i te awa o Pūhoi, ka puta ohorere ake te ope o Te Hikutū o Te Hokianga. Ka patua a Murupaenga. I kitea kē atu tōna tinana e tere ana i te moana. Tērā tētahi tangata Wīwī ko tāna mahi he haere i te nuku o te whenua ki te mātakitaki. Ko Dumont d'Urville tōna īngoa. Nā taua tangata te kōrero nā 'Tepouna' (Te Puna pea) o Rangihoua i patu a Murupaenga. Kei Mihirau wāhi o te awa o Pūhoi a Murupaenga e okioki ana.

Ka whakangaro te tino toa, te tino tangata o te riri, te tangata maha ōna pūmanawa. I te tau 1818, ka kī te tangata whakapapa kōrero: 'Ko Murupaenga whakatere ope. Ngarue ana te whenua!'


He whakaaturanga anō

Rārangi pukapuka

    Marsden, S. Letters and journals. Ed. J. R. Elder. Dunedin, 1932

    Ngata, A., comp. Nga moteatea. 3 vols. Wellington, 1959--70

    Smith, S. P. Maori wars of the nineteenth century. 2nd and enl. ed. Christchurch, 1910


Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Angela Ballara. 'Murupaenga', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1990. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/1m61/murupaenga (accessed 19 April 2024)