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Kaiwhata, Pāora

by Patrick Parsons

Biography

E pātata atu ana ki Ōmāhu ko Te Rae‑o-Tahumata. I reira a Tareahi, te pāpā o Kaiwhata e noho ana i te wā i whānau ai ia. Na, ko Tareahi i heke iho i ērā hapū o Ngāti Kahungunu ki Te Matau-a-Māui (Hawke's Bay), i a Ngāti Hinepare i a Ngāi Tākaha. E hui tōpū ana ngā iwi o te mānia o Heretaunga ki reira ki te ārai atu i te marau a Tangiteruru, kaingārahu o Ngāti Maru. Kei kō tata atu i te ākau o te roto i Ōingo ko Rākātō pā. Koia nei te wāhi i whānau a ia, ā, tapaina ana ko Kahukuranui. Ko tana whaea ko Whareunga o Ngāti Māhu. He hononga anō ōna ki a Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri.

E tamariki tonu ana a Kaiwhata i te tukinga a ngā iwi o Waikato i Te Pakake pā i Ahuriri (Napier). Ko 1824 pea te tau. I mau hereheretia rāua ko tōna pāpā ki Waikato. Tekau mā waru marama e purihia ana kātahi ka tukua kia haere. Kāore rāua i whakauru atu ki te nuinga o Ngāti Kahungunu arā i Nukutaurua, i Te Māhia, ēngari i hoki kē ki tō rāua whenua tupu e karapoti rā i te roto i Ōingo. Nā tēnei i mau tonu ai tō rāua mana ahi kā ki te whenua. Ko te wā anō hoki tēnei i akona ai tana tamaiti, a Kaiwhata, e tōna pāpā ki ngā kōrero tuku iho me ngā tikanga a tōna iwi.

Kua hoki kē mai a Kaiwhata ki Heretaunga i te hinganga o Te Momo‑a-Irawaru o Ngāti Te Koherā i te pakanga tuarua i Te Roto-a-Tara, e tū tata atu rā ki Te Aute. Kāore i te mōhiotia mehemea ko 1824, ko 1825 kē rānei te tau o taua pakanga. I mate a Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri, te hunga e whakamarumaru ana i Te Roto-a-Tara pā, i ngā taua a Te Pareihe o Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti, o Ngāti Kahungunu me ā Te Wera Hauraki o Ngā Puhi. He tini o Heretaunga i rere ki Nukutaurua punanga ai. Ko Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri i rere ki Manawatū noho manene ai, ēngari ko Kaiwhata rāua ko Tareahi i pūmau te whakawheta i ō rāua whenua tupu, ā, i ētahi wā ka toro pērā atu ki Te Māhia.

He maha ngā tau e rohai noa ana a Te Matau-a-Māui, heoti, tērā pea ko te tau 1838 te tīmatanga o te āta hokihokinga mai o ngā iwi manene ki te nohonoho haere anō i ō rātou whenua. I hui atu a Ngāti Hinepare me Ngāti Māhu ki Wharerangi, ki Te Poraiti. Ko Tareahi rāua ko tana tama mātāmua ko Porokoru Mapu ngā amokapua. I te haringa atu o Te Koreneho (William Colenso) i te Rongopai ki Te Matau-a-Māui i te tau 1845 ka iriiria a Kaiwhata ko Pāora. Noho tonu atu ia hei kaiwhakaako i Wharerangi.

Na, ko Pāora Kaiwhata te hoa haere o te amorangi mana tiketike rā o Kurupō Te Moananui ki Manawatū ki te hui tahi me Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri. Ko 1850 te tau. Ka tono a Te Moananui kia hoki atu a Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri ki Te Matau-a-Māui. Ko te whakautu, he tono ki a Pāora kia whakatakahia mai ngā māra mā rātou ki Ōmihi i te awa o Ngaruroro. I taua wā kua pūmau kē tana noho ki Ōmarunui i te awa o Tūtaekurī. Kua riro kē i a ia i nāianei te tūranga ngārahu o Ngāti Māhu me tētahi wāhanga o Ngāti Hinepare. Ko tana tuakana, ko Porokoru (he whaea kē tō tēnei), he tangata e pā kahatia ana e te huangō, i noho tonu mai ki Te Poraiti.

Nā Te Moananui te kānataraka ki te hoko i ngā whenua o Ōmarunui, o Mōteo, me ētahi atu. Kātahi ka takina e Pāora te mana o Te Moananui ki te hoko i ngā whenua i whai pānga atu rā ia, ā, kīhai ia i whakaae kia tiritiria te moni utu. Ko te mutunga, ka whakaae a Te Moananui ko te poraka o Ōkawa anake me hoko.

I tautokona e Pāora Kaiwhata a Te Moananui i ngā raruraru i putaputa ake i a Te Hāpuku, te ngārahu o Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti. Ko te take ko te mana ki te hoko i ngā whenua rahi tonu i Te Matau-a-Māui me Heretaunga. Nō muri i te riri i Te Pakiaka o 1857, ko te peitanga atu rā o Te Hāpuku i te mānia o Heretaunga te hua, ka tīmata te mahi tahi me te kōrero tahi a ngā kaiārahi iwi, a Tāreha, a Rēnata Kawepō, a Pāora hoki, i ngā take e pā ana ki a rātou katoa. Ko tēnei whakakotahitanga i a rātou te tino kaupapa i mau tonu ai ētahi o ō rātou whenua i te wā i a rātou e ora ana.

I Hepetema o 1866 ka riro i ngā Hāuhau mau pū a Ōmarunui. Nā Pāora tōna iwi i hari ki Pāwhakairo whakamarumaru ai, kātahi a ia ka hono ki a Rēnata Kawepō rātou ko Karaitiana Takamoana, ko Rūtene Kānara Whitimoa (George Whitmore) me āna hōia ā-iwi, ki te pei i te Hauhau. I Noema o 1868, arā anō a Pāora rātou ko Tāreha, ko Rēnata me ētahi atu, i Mākāretu wāhi o Tūranganui-a-Rua (Poverty Bay), e tuarā ana i ngā hōia a te kāwanatanga ki te tuki i a Te Kooti. Kei ngā tuhinga e mau ana tōna māia ki te whawhai. I te kōanga o 1869 e whai haere tonu ana ia i a Te Kooti. Ko ia tētahi o ngā ngārahu i haere tahi i a Hēnare Tomoana me te hokoono ki Taupō moana. I te pō o te 8 o Hepetema, i a rātou e puni ana i te taha moana i Tauranga-Taupō, nāna i whakahiwa te taua ki te whakakaha i te pā. Auina rawa ake i te ata ka momoho tā rātou taiaritanga i te huaki a te katoa o te ope a Te Kooti, e 200 toa pea te kaha.

Ko te whakaaro nō te tau 1865, i a Pāora Kaiwhata e noho ana i Ngātahirā, he wāhi e pātata ana ki Mōteo, ka mōketetia te whenua e te amorangi o Ngāti Hinepare, e Pāora Torotoro, ki a Te Hātana (Frederick Sutton), ahakoa te kore i pai o Pāora Kaiwhata. Ahakoa i tohea kahatia e ia tana take ki te Kōti Matua (Supreme Court) rā anō, riro atu ana a Ngātahirā, ā, ka peia a Pāora Kaiwhata kia haere. Ko 1870 pea te tau i nekehia e ia tōna iwi ki Mōteo noho tūturu ai. I reira ka whakatūria e ia te whare nui, a Tuhirangi, tētahi whare karakia, me tētahi whare papa kani tū mārō mōna. Ko Mōteo te marae mātāmua o Ngāti Hinepare me Ngāti Māhu i te rā nei. Ko ōna hoa mau rākau o ngā tau ki muri, ko Tāreha rāua ko Rēnata, nō mua atu i a ia i mate ai. Ko ia tētahi o ngā kaiwhakaatu matua mō te kēhi o Ōmāhu i te aroaro o te Kōti Whenua Māori i te tau 1889, i te wā e tautohetia ana te oha a Rēnata. He kaiwhāki anō a ia mō ētahi atu kēhi; ko Ōwhāoko me Pirau ētahi. He tangata i whakaaro whakaharaharatia mō tōna mōhio ki ngā tikanga me ngā kōrero tuku iho a te iwi me te mūrere hoki ōna ki ngā mahi kaipakihi.

Anei te kī a Pāora Kaiwhata ki te Kōmihana mō ngā Ture Whenua Māori i te tau 1891, 'Ō ngā rangatira o te ao tawhito o Heretaunga ko ahau anake kei te ora.' Ahakoa te hira o tana mahi ki te puri i a Ngāti Kahungunu ki te taha o te kāwanatanga, tana tautohe i te Kīngitanga me tana whawhai i a Te Kooti, ehara tēnei mahi āna mā te kāwanatanga i te mahi noa. Nāna i tautoko te hui i whakamātau ki te whakahē i ngā hokonga whenua i Te Matau-a-Māui; i whakamātau anō ia ki te tiaki i ngā whenua tupu o tōna iwi, ēngari nā te hē mai o ngā whakamāhereheretanga mōkete me ngā mahi hokonga whenua ka mahue whakaahu, mahue rawakore mai rātou ko tōna iwi. Hei tāna, ko te awe o te Kōti Whenua Māori ko te mutunga kē mai o te kino.

Kīhai i puta he uri ki a Pāora rāua ko Pirihira Te Ihumanawa o Ngāti Hinepare, te wahine o tana mārena tuatahi. Ēngari anō ki te wahine tuarua ki a Ruta Te Kahika, i puta te tama kotahi a Māhanga Kaiwhata. E ora tonu ana i te rā nei ngā uri o te hikahika a Māhanga. Kāore i te mōhiotia i nāianei kei whea te whakaahua o Pāora Kaiwhata nā Gottfried Lindauer i peita i te tau 1885. Ko te whakaatu mai a tētahi o taua wā mōna, he tangata pokere.

I hinga a Pāora Kaiwhata i te 19 o Mei 1892, ā, nō te 27 o Mei ka tāpuketia ki Mōteo. E ai ki ngā kōrero, 80 ōna tau ina mate nei. I te paunga rāwhitu o te 11-‑12 o Hune ka karangahia e Hēnare Tomoana he tangihanga mō Pāora ki Waipatu Marae kia ōrua ki te hui a te Pāremata o te Kotahitanga.


He whakaaturanga anō

Rārangi pukapuka

    Bagnall, A. G. & G. C. Petersen. William Colenso. Wellington, 1948

    McLean, D. Papers, 1832--1927. MS Papers 32. WTU

    N.Z. Native Land Court. Minute books: Napier, 1866--1902. Micro MS Coll. 6. WTU

    'Supplement to The Wananga'. Te Wananga. 26 July 1875


Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Patrick Parsons. 'Kaiwhata, Pāora', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1993. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/2k5/kaiwhata-paora (accessed 23 April 2024)